心理健康的社会网络效应及其机制-基于灾后社区与普通社区的对照研究

Serious natural disasters and traumatic events, such as earthquake and tsunami, not only directly threaten health of survivors, but also indirectly affect their psychological and social functions through destroying the established social relationship and social network. The effect of social network on mental health is often exhibited in two respects. (1) Structural effect of social network, which means that one person's mental health is affected by the properties and structures of relationship network which he or she embedded in. These structural properties of social network include, for example, scale of network, individual centrality and whole centrality of social network and reciprocity of relationship. (2) Spread effect of social network, which means that mental health status of one person affect that of another one by relationship tie between them, which further lead the spread of mental health across network ties. There are three mechanisms are used to explain this spread effect: induction, homophily and shared environment. Using the post-disaster newly built neighborhoods and common neighborhoods as whole social networks, and sampling the residents who have settled in these neighborhoods as network ties, the current project aims to examine the interaction of mental health and relationship network by cross-sectional and longitudinal design. Specifically, the current project attempts to assess the effect of network structures on mental health, explore the spread effect of mental health across network ties, and analyze how does the forming progress of new relationship network affect mental health under the background of new communities. The conducting of current project will contribute to new knowledge about community psychology and disaster psychology, and help to refine medium and long-term psychological relief and community management programs.

重大自然灾难或创伤事件（如地震，海啸）不仅直接危及人的健康，还会通过破坏长期形成的社会关系网间接影响个体的心理社会功能。社会网络对心理健康的影响表现在两个方面：（1）社会网络结构效应，即心理健康受到个体网络规模、个体网络中心度、整体网络中心度、关系互惠性等社会网络结构特征的影响；（2）社会网络传递效应，即个体间的心理状况会通过彼此的关系连接而相互影响，并将这种影响扩散到网络内的其他关系人。诱导、选择和共同环境机制被用来解释这种网络传递现象。本项目拟以灾后新建社区和普通社区为整体网络单元，以社区居民为对象，动态考察社会网络与心理健康的关系，具体分析：社会网络结构特征对于心理健康的影响，心理健康在社会网络中的传递规律及其机制，以及灾后新社区环境下网络形成过程对于心理健康的影响。此项目的开展可以丰富国内外灾害心理学和社区心理学理论，有助于完善以社区为中心的中长期心理干预和科学管理。

社会资本和社会关系网络对于维护个体心理健康和幸福感、增强社会适应至关重要。灾害和环境变化则会通过影响一个人的社会关系网络来影响居民的心理健康。项目以震后新北川县城居民、普通社区老年居民和校园大学生为对象，考察了心理健康的社会网络效应。主要结果：（1）通过访谈和问卷调查发现，社区关系网络和归属感正向预测北川居民的心理健康和生活满意度；相比较原居住地居民，迁入居民的社会和邻里交往的频率较低，幸福感和生活满意度较低；邻里关系网中介了居民来源与生活满意度及评价的关系，这说明，迁入居民的邻里关系较原住民更差，进而导致生活满意度更低。(2)对城市社区老年居民的调查发现，社会群体活动正向预测了幸福感，负向预测了抑郁症状，而生命意义感中介了上述关系，即扩大社会网络会增强老年人的生命意义感，进而增加其心理健康；对全国抽样的2万多名社区离退休居民的调查也发现，社会参与度和社会信任（社会活动的频率、角色、与单位的关系）正向预测了一个人的生活满意度和幸福感。（3）对以学院为单元的大学生友谊网的纵向分析发现，基于心理健康（幸福感）的影响效应要大于选择效应；这意味着，友谊关系的存在可以促进彼此心理健康状况的接近，而相似的心理状况并不会影响友谊关系的建立或改变。.通过对三个背景下居民群体的调查，研究从个人关系和整体关系网出发一定程度证实了心理健康的社会网路效应。上述结果对于社区管理和校园管理具有重要指导意义。项目执行至今，共发表SCI/SSCI论文5篇，CSCD论文4篇，并在国内外学术会议上报告研究结果，一些重要结果尚待发表。本项目指导硕士研究生2人。