储能用纳米碳材料的功能调控及机制研究

The development of carbon materials is one of the most important factors improving the utilization of energy storage and conversion. With the ever-increasing concerns about global environment and the impending exhaustion of fossil fuels, the currently used carbon materials have seriously restricted its vigorous application in energy and environment. As an important part, the design and study of functional nano-carbon materials can effectively solve this problem. In this project, with the aim at creating new function and enhancing the charge storage capacity and conductivity, multilevel structures are constructed in the carbon nanofibers and nano-graphite sheets through the hierarchical and nano-compositing technologies. The surface and interface of the carbon/non-carbon composite will be rationally regulated and optimized. Based upon this, the new energy structural design principle as well as the fabrication science of the nanocomposite electrode materials will be revealed. After that, the charge storage and transport mechanism during the electrochemical process in the carbon/non-carbon composite structure will be elucidated. Then the basic theory of functional nano-structured carbon materials for energy storage and conversion will be established, which can guide the controllable preparation carbon/non-carbon nanocomposite electrode materials with high and efficient energy conversion and storage. As a result, the high performance electrode materials and energy storage devices with independent intellectual property rights will be developed.

炭材料的发展是提高能源转换和使用效率的关键。随着能源危机和环境问题日益凸显，目前所使用的炭材料已经严重制约其在能源和环境产业的应用。纳米结构功能碳材料的研究和设计是解决这一问题的重要途径。本项目以创制新功能、增强电荷存储能力和传导性为目的，以纳米碳纤维和纳米石墨薄片（石墨烯片）为研究对象，通过层次化和复合化技术，构筑储能用多层次性纳米结构，优化碳/非碳表/界面结构。在此基础上，揭示新型能源用纳米复合电极材料的结构设计原理与制备科学，并阐明电化学过程中电荷在碳/非碳复合结构中存储和输运机制，建立功能化纳米结构碳材料在能量存储和转换方面的应用基础理论，指导具有高能源转换与储存及高效的碳/非碳纳米复合电极材料的可控制备，研制出具有自主知识产权和性能优异的材料和器件。

本课题以纳米碳纤维和纳米石墨薄片(石墨烯片)为研究对象，通过层次化和复合化技术，设计和构筑多层次的孔结构和骨架结构；通过多相结构界面的有效构建，优化功能化的碳/非碳界面结构，建立纳米复合电极材料制备科学。深入探究电解液离子在复杂纳米孔洞的迁移规律和活性组分的原子及分子状态转换过程，揭示电荷在碳/非碳复合结构中存储和输运机制。实现具有高能源转换与储存及高效的碳/非碳纳米复合电极材料的可控制备，研制出具有自主知识产权和性能优异的材料和器件。本课题在运行的五年期间，共发表SCI收录论文157篇，在材料合成技术及储能应用等方面申请发明专利27项,其中获得授权发明专利16项。并且培养了一支具有国际影响力的纳米碳材料研究队伍，如期完成本重点基金的任务。