高类胡萝卜素含量白皮小麦种质资源筛选及亲本材料创新

The wheat carotenoid improvement is one of the hot topics in the research yield of wheat genetic breeding and food nutrition in some west countries in recent years. Carotenoid is the main precursor substance of vitamin-A,has higher nutritive value and anti-cancer activity, the function of preventing cardiovascular diseases,etal. Carotenoid has the anti-oxidant action,prolongs storage period of seeds. However,the wheat quality improvement of breeding with carotenoid is in the initial stage in China.In south China,the sowing size of red wheat with higher carotenoid contents has been reduced to smaller than that of white wheat because the price of white wheat is higher than that of red wheat. This research studies on the varietal variation of the carotenoid contents of wheat popularized cultivars,local varities,improved varieties at different periods, introduced varietiy of resources and breeding materials in Anhui Province, the middle & lower reaches of Yangtze River and other southern areas in China. The research selects the germplasm of white wheat with high carotenoid contents, as well as tests and selects the variety resources and breeding materials with the major gene controlling the carotenoid biosysthesis overexpressed. Wheat varieties with high and low Carotenoid contents were crossed with popularized cultivars.The plants with high carotenoid contents, which have the idea agronomic characters,white seed coat,high quality and nutritive value will be selected as the improved parent materials through the testing of carotenoid contents,the quality evaluation of micro-sample,and the assisted selection of molecular marker in the later generations'plant of hybrid progeny.

小麦类胡萝卜素改良是近几年国外小麦遗传育种研究的热点之一。类胡萝卜素是维生素A的前体物质，具有较高的营养价值和抗癌活性，对心血管疾病等有预防作用；类胡萝卜素具有抗氧化作用，可以延长籽粒的储藏期。然而，在我国，小麦类胡萝卜素的育种改良尚处于起步阶段。在我国南方地区，由于白皮小麦价格高于红皮小麦，白麦面积不断扩大，类胡萝卜素含量相对较高的红麦面积逐渐萎缩，籽粒中类胡萝卜素等抗氧化物减少。 本项目研究安徽省及长江中下游等南方地区小麦推广品种、地方品种、不同时期改良品种、引进资源品种和育种材料类胡萝卜素含量的品种间变异，筛选高类胡萝卜素含量种质，并检测和筛选其主效基因超表达的品种资源和育种材料。用高、低类胡萝卜素含量品种与推广品种配制杂交组合；通过对其后代单株类胡萝卜素含量检测、微量样品品质评价及分子标记辅助选择，筛选农艺性状好、白皮、品质优和营养价值好的高类胡萝卜素含量植株，培育优良的亲本材料。

结题摘要：本项目利用安徽省及长江中下游等南方地区小麦推广品种、地方品种、各类资源品种和育种材料500多份，检测类胡萝卜素含量的品种间变异，筛选高类胡萝卜素含量种质资源材料16份；用高、低类胡萝卜素含量品种与推广品种配制杂交组合；通过对其后代单株类胡萝卜素含量检测、微量样品品质评价及分子标记辅助选择，筛选农艺性状好、白皮、品质优和营养价值好的高类胡萝卜素含量植株，培育高类胡萝卜素含量的亲本材料15份、低类胡萝卜素含量的亲本材料12份。测定了96份小麦资源品种的类胡萝卜素含量，品种间差异均达到极显著，两年类胡萝卜素含量相关达到极显著水平（r=0.66，R2=0.436）。本研究利用 “山农01-35×藁城9411” 重组自交系（RIL）群体及其构建的小麦遗传图谱， 检测到控制小麦类胡萝卜素含量的14个加性QTL和13对上位性QTL的 15 个加性效应位点，分别对表型变异的贡献率为2.74%-17.03%。认为小麦类胡萝卜素的含量除受加性QTL影响外，其上位性效应也起一定作用。.应用盖钧镒等构建的数量性状主—多基因混合遗传模型对本课题组的类胡萝卜素“高/低”组合“孟0318/宛抗18”杂交组合F2代群体进行遗传分析。结果表明，F2群体的类胡萝卜素含量符合一对主效基因的模型。利用“孟0308×宛抗18”F5-F6代RIL，未能获得理想结果。分析其可能原因：该组合F5和F6的RIL，世代尚较低，代数不够等。.15个小麦品种两年多点试验分析结果表明，籽粒类胡萝卜素含量和部分品质性状的基因型间、环境（地点）间和年份间的差异均达到显著或极显著水平。.项目期间发表了包含小麦类胡萝卜素在内的小麦品质研究论文16篇，育成糯小麦新品种2个，获发明专利3件，鉴定省级科技成果2项，获得国家教学成果二等奖1项。