新型多功能高浓度双盐水系电解液与高性能锌-醌电池研究

Aqueous zinc-quinone batteries (AZQBs) have a broad application prospects in the field of large-scale energy storage, because of the advantages of high theoretical capacity, abundant resources, low cost, environmentally friendly and high safety. However, the dissolution of quinone electrode and its discharge/charge products in electrolyte and the growth of zinc dendrite are the key problem restricting the application of AZQBs. How to solve the problem is an important but very challenging subject.. In this project, a high concentration bisalt aqueous electrolyte will be used to suppress the dissolution of quinone electrode and the growth of zinc dendrite. The effects of electrolyte components, such as salt concentration, ion types and ratio, on the solubility of quinone and zinc dendrite will be investigated in detail, and an optimum electrolyte that inhibits dissolution and dendrite is then developed. Meanwhile, the correlation between the inhibition of electrolyte compositions, solution characteristics (such as pH, polarity, donor number, electron bonding energy, etc.), and the inhibitory effect will also be studied. The mechanism of high concentration electrolyte to inhibit quinone electrode dissolution and dendrite formation will be expounded by the combination of experimental results and theoretical calculation. The regulation and improvement of battery performance will be realized, and an aqueous zinc-quinone battery with high performance is constructed. This project will solve the problems of quinone electrode dissolution and zinc dendrite growth, and provide theoretical basis and scientific basis for the design and construction of high performance, dendrite-free aqueous zinc-organic batteries.

水系锌-有机醌电池，因具有容量高、资源丰富、绿色环保和安全等突出优点，在大规模储能领域中具有广阔的应用前景。醌电极充/放电产物易溶于电解液和锌负极枝晶是制约电池发展的关键问题。如何同时解决该科学问题是一项重要且极具挑战性的课题。.本项目采用高浓度双盐水系电解液，以抑制醌电极溶解和锌枝晶为目的，通过考察离子种类、配比和盐浓度等电解液组分差异对醌溶解和锌枝晶的影响，研制对溶解和枝晶兼有抑制作用的电解液；探究电解液组成和溶剂化作用-溶液特性（酸碱度、极性、给电子对能力、电子结合能等）-抑制作用间的相关性及规律，结合理论计算，揭示高浓度双盐水系电解液抑制溶解的作用机制，阐明阻止枝晶生长的机理，实现电池性能的调控和提升，构筑出高容量、低成本、高安全的水系锌-醌电池。本项目的实施，将解决醌电极溶解问题的同时达到抑制锌枝晶的目的，为设计与构建高性能的水系锌-有机电池提供一定的理论基础和科学依据。

水系锌有机电池因容量高、资源丰富、绿色环保和安全等优点，具有良好的应用前景。然而其发展受制于活性材料易溶解和锌负极枝晶问题的制约。本项目旨在通过发展电解液优化和调控策略，通过改变电解液溶剂化结构、离子输运能力和表界面相容与浸润性等，实现抑制有机活性材料溶解和锌枝晶的目的，最终构建出高性能水系锌有机电池。本项目发展了通过调控阴/阳离子种类与配比、浓度、添加剂或共溶剂等参数设计功能电解液的研究方法，阐述了电解液特性对抑制锌负极枝晶生长和醌活性材料溶解的影响规律。利用原位/非原位表征技术和理论模拟分析，发现溶剂化结构、离子浓度、添加剂等是影响有机锌醌电池性能提升的重要因素。通过多种表征技术及电化学性能测试，阐明混合水系电解液的作用机理和醌电极储能机制。与TFSI-阴离子相比，CF3SO3-阴离子抑制锌枝晶效果较好。与Li+和Na+阳离子相比，K+有助实现Zn2+的均匀电镀与剥离。TMP基电解液不仅具有高的电导率，宽的电化学稳定窗口，并能有效抑制锌枝晶生长，且可同时抑制醌类正极溶解，进而提升有机锌醌电池的电化学性能。基于多个有机电极材料（DBT、PT），与不同电解液构筑了具有优异电化学性能水系锌醌电池。相关研究为功能电解液（高安全、高能量密度、宽电压窗口）的设计提供一定依据，为有机锌醌电池性能提升提供设计思路。相关研究成果发表在Chem. Eng. J., ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng.、Ind. Eng. Chem. Res等期刊；申请中国发明专利1项。培养博士3人，硕士生7人，本科生1人。