病菌在民用客机机舱内传播机理的数值模拟研究

The widebody civil aircrafts increase the passager transport flow and the passagers comfort degree in aircraft cabin ultimately.However, the susceptible could be easily infected by the transmission of airborne infectious pathogen(e,g,.virus SARS,H1N1 etc) during the air travel due to the special cabin environment, which makes the infectious pathogens be disseminated throughout the world.In this project. We try out to find a solution to the scientific issues concerning the pathogen depersion patterns against different jet flow induced by speaking,coughing and sneezing as well as different directions in space. The innovative approach to simulate the pathogen dispersion may be formed by the study of the concentration dipersion equation of liquid micronucleus phase. And then,more disscusions are given to pathogen dispersion mechanism with related to the effects of thermo coupling as well as the body movement. Different jet flow could be carried out by imposing different boundary conditions for the pathogen concentration dispersion equation. Finally the numercial model will be validated with the data from basic experiments.The characteristics of the project focus on cross-infection caused by expiratory activities and infectious pathogen dispersion mechanism research in thermal environment condition incorporating with infectious pathogen dispersion in different jet flow and different spatial directions. The developpment and application of multiphase fluid simulation could be achived by resolving nouveau issues. It is important to understand the pathogen dispersion mechanism in aircraft cabin.

大型民用客机极大地提高了客流输运量和乘客的舒适度，然而由于机舱内特殊环境的影响，在病菌（如SARS，H1N1等）携带者乘坐飞机旅行过程中极易将病毒通过空气传播方式传染给其他乘客或机组人员，从而使病菌携带到更远的地方。本项目提炼出同时考虑病菌在不同射流（讲话、咳嗽或打喷嚏）流场特征和在空间不同方向上扩散衰减规律这一科学问题，通过研究液体微粒相浓度扩散方程，形成模拟病菌机舱内传播衰减规律的创新方法；进一步深入探讨热流耦合条件下对病菌扩散的影响，和机舱内移动物体对病菌扩散的影响机理。通过不同边界条件的设定实现不同射流流场特征和病菌浓度扩散的规律，最终通过和原理性实验数据对比验证模型的有效性。项目特色在于不同射流流场特征和病菌浓度在不同方向传播规律相结合,分析热力环境下由于呼吸引起的交叉感染和病菌浓度在机舱内的扩散机理；通过解决新问题，发展多相流体力学计算方法并拓展其工程应用范畴，具有重要意义。

大型民用客机极大地提高了客流输运量和乘客的舒适度，然而由于机舱内特殊环境的影响，在病菌（如SARS，H1N1等）携带者乘坐飞机旅行过程中极易将病毒通过空气传播方式传染给其他乘客或机组人员，从而使病菌携带到更远的地方。本项目提炼出同时考虑病菌在不同射流（讲话、咳嗽或打喷嚏）流场特征和在空间不同方向上扩散衰减规律这一科学问题，通过研究液体微粒相浓度扩散方程，形成模拟病菌机舱内传播衰减规律的创新方法；进一步深入探讨热流耦合条件下对病菌扩散的影响，和机舱内移动物体对病菌扩散的影响机理。通过不同边界条件的设定实现不同射流流场特征和病菌浓度扩散的规律。 ..1. 通过对某客机机舱内病菌传播的CFD模拟结果发现，基于现在的舱内通风结构形式，病菌浓度在横向的传播速度要比在纵向方向传播的快；.2. 从模拟的结构看，携带病菌的颗粒物可以被气流组织带到距离感染者几排座椅距离处，这也解释了为什么从香港到北京的航班上SARS感染者距离SARS病菌携带者几排座椅距离远；.3. 在模拟结果中发现，有部分携带病菌的颗粒物被限制在气流组织结构的中心，不能从排风口排出去，说明这些病菌可以长时间待在机舱内，对乘客是一种潜在的威胁。. 通过解决新问题，发展多相流体力学计算方法并拓展其工程应用范畴，具有重要的科学意义。通过CFD方法探索携带病菌的颗粒物在机舱内浓度的分布，对民用客机机舱内通风系统的设计，包括进出口风口的大小、分布、射流方向等都有很重要的指导意义，进一步提高其技术成熟度，有很广阔的应用前景。