超高阻尼隔震橡胶支座的自适应性能及其隔震结构多目标抗震性能设计方法研究

The self-adaptive base isolated structure can effectively satisfy the structural multiple seismic performance objectives, and then reduce structural seismic damage. This study is aim at the seismic performance evaluation method and the multi-objectives performance-based seismic design method for the self-adaptive base isolated structure, according to the research on the self-adaptive mechanic performance of super high-damping rubber bearings. Firstly, through the incorporation of theoretical method, numerical simulation and performance experiments, the self-adaptive mechanic performance and the numerical model of supper high-damping rubber bearings are investigated. Secondly, through the self-adaptive real-time substructure hybrid experiments and numerical simulation, the isolation effects for the three- and seven- storey self-adaptive base isolated buildings are investigated. The numerical model of supper high-damping rubber bearings are précised according to the real-time substructure hybrid test results, considering the variety of the loading velocity and the natural period of buildings. And then the structural seismic performance evaluation method basing on the structural multiple evaluating parameters are studied. Lastly, through the probability method, the probability functions in the key self-adaptive parameters of supper high-damping rubber bearings, the self-adaptive base isolated structural multiple evaluating parameters and the structural multiple seismic performance objectives are investigated. The probability functions are used to develop performance-based design method for the self-adaptive base isolated structure. The performance-based design method can satisfy the complex multi-objectives seismic performances. This research will promote the isolated technology further application, and it has important science signification and engineering value.

自适应基础隔震结构可以有效地实现结构多级抗震设防目标，减轻结构震害。本项目基于超高阻尼隔震橡胶支座的自适应力学性能研究，实现自适应隔震结构的抗震性能评估方法，进一步建立多目标抗震性能设计方法。首先，通过理论分析与依存性实验研究，建立超高阻尼隔震橡胶支座自适应力学性能数值模型；其次，基于自适应实时子结构实验方法与非线性动力时程分析，对三层和七层自适应基础隔震建筑的隔震效果进行研究，建立多重量化评估指标的自适应基础隔震建筑结构抗震性能评估方法，并实现隔震装置自适应力学性能数值模型精确化；最后，基于全概率分析的方法，完成自适应隔震装置的关键自适应隔震参数、多重量化评价指标与多级抗震性能目标之间的概率函数关系研究，建立满足多级抗震设防目标的自适应基础隔震建筑结构性能设计方法。本项目的研究成果将促进隔震技术在结构工程中进一步的应用，有较好的科学意义和工程价值。

目前高阻尼橡胶隔震支座具已在土木工程中得到广泛应用。但由于高阻尼橡胶隔震支座的材料组成成分比较复杂，特别是大量阻尼材料的采用导致支座的应力应变关系与其加载速度相关，而目前的支座本构模型很难精确地模拟这种力学特性。因此本文从高阻尼支座的橡胶材料特性出发，提出了一个基于改进超弹性Zener模型的高阻尼支座本构模型，该模型由两个超弹性弹簧和一个非线性阻尼器单元组成，能够精确表达高阻尼支座的速度相关性。在模型中，对超弹性弹簧建立新的应变能函数，并通过附加刚度系数来模拟高阻尼橡胶材料的初始刚度。通过高阻尼橡胶材料的多步松弛试验和在不同速度下的循环剪切试验来识别模型中的参数。进一步研制了基于速度控制的实时子结构试验系统，并通过该新型试验系统分析了某隔震桥梁在地震作用下的动力反应，并基于试验结果对本文提出的本构模型在隔震结构非线性分析中的准确性进行了验证。. 在此基础上，对于采用高阻尼隔震装置的隔震建筑在近断层地震作用下的响应进行了研究。建立高阻尼橡胶隔震结构有限元分析模型。通过非线性时程分析，对比近断层与远场地震作用下的基底剪力、楼层位移、楼层加速度等结构响应。结果表明，高阻尼橡胶隔震结构在近断层地震作用下的响应明显比远场地震作用要大。研究采用ANSYS重启动的功能来模拟高阻尼改进Zener模型。通过动力时程分析，从层间剪力，楼层位移，支座的水平滞回曲线等方面，对比采用改进Zener模型和双折线力学模型结构响应的差异性。结果表明，基于速度相关性的高阻尼改进Zener模型，和能够更好的模拟隔震建筑在近断层地震作用下的地震响应。. 最后，针对减隔震结构的抗震性能评估及布置优化问题上，提出了减震桥梁的多目标性能设计方法，建立了抗震性能简化计算方法，完成对减隔震结构的快速抗震性能评估及多目标性能化设计的研究。