父母身体管教与儿童外化问题行为的双向关系及其生理、认知与情绪机制

An important topic of ongoing interest in research on parenting concerns the relationships between parental physical discipline and child development and the mechanisms underlying such relationships. By using two samples of intact two-parent Chinese families with elementary school children, this study would examine the reciprocal relationships between parental physical discipline and child externalizing problem behavior and their potential physiological , cognitive, and emotional mechanisms. In specific, the goals of this study were to examine: (1) the circulative reciprocal relationships between parental physical discipline and child externalizing problem behavior and the child gender differences in these circulative reciprocal relationships; (2) the potential mediating roles of parents’ and children’s salivary cortisol, hostile attribution, and emotion regulation in the reciprocal relationships between parental physical discipline and child externalizing problem behavior. This research has great importance for furthering understanding of the relationships between parental physical discipline and child externalizing problem behavior in Chinese culture context and applying this understanding to the development of more effective prevention and intervention parenting programs focusing on enhancing child development.

探讨父母身体管教与儿童发展的关系并揭示这一关系的作用机制是当前家庭教养领域的重要前沿课题。本项目从发展心理学、社会认知心理学和生理心理学的角度，以我国完整家庭的小学儿童及其父母为被试，结合问卷测量法、唾液皮质醇检测技术、行为实验法和ERP技术，采用纵向研究设计考察父母身体管教与小学儿童外化问题行为的循环性双向关系及其可能的生理、认知和情绪机制。研究的主要问题包括：(1)父母身体管教与儿童外化问题行为的循环性双向关系及其儿童性别差异；(2)父母和儿童的唾液皮质醇、敌意归因与情绪调节在父母身体管教与儿童外化问题行为的双向关系中所起的中介作用。本项目研究不仅可以极大地丰富父母身体管教与儿童发展之间关系的理论研究，深化人们关于父母身体管教及其影响的科学认识，而且可以为中国父母采用恰当的管教方式促进儿童青少年健康发展提供某些科学依据。

探讨父母身体管教与儿童发展的关系并揭示这一关系的作用机制是当前家庭教养领域的重要前沿课题。本项目从发展心理学、社会认知心理学和生理心理学的角度，以我国完整家庭的小学儿童及其父母为被试，结合问卷测量法、唾液皮质醇检测技术、行为实验法和ERP技术，采用纵向研究设计，考察了父母身体管教与小学儿童外化问题行为的循环性双向关系及其可能的生理、认知和情绪机制。结果发现：(1)父母身体管教与儿童外化问题行为之间的关系遵循父母驱动效应，父母驱动效应的强度随儿童年龄的增长不断增强，且二者间的关系不存在显著的儿童性别差异。(2)儿童唾液皮质醇在父母身体管教与儿童外化问题行为关系间的中介作用不显著。(3)父母和儿童归因方式在父母身体管教与儿童外化问题行为的双向关系中的调节作用显著。在父母驱动效应方向上，儿童消极归因加剧了父亲和母亲身体管教对儿童外化问题行为的影响。在儿童驱动效应方向上，父母的儿童责任归因倾向会加剧儿童外化问题行为对父母身体管教的影响。(4)儿童情绪调节在父母身体管教对儿童外化问题行为影响中起显著中介作用，父母身体管教会加剧儿童情绪调节困难，进而导致儿童外化问题行为增多。父母情绪调节在儿童外化问题行为对父母身体管教的影响中的中介作用不显著。本项目研究极大地丰富父母身体管教与儿童发展之间关系的理论研究，深化了人们关于父母身体管教及其影响的科学认识，可以为中国父母采用恰当的管教方式促进儿童健康发展提供一定科学依据。