海水环境Cr(X)N涂层磨蚀行为下动态钝化机制研究

This project aims to satisfy anti-tribocorrosion requirement for key and important components of marine engineering equipment. As the advanced anti-tribocorrosion performance of Cr(X)N coating has been recognized according to previous studies, this project is intended to conduct research on dynamic passivation mechanism of Cr(X)N coating in seawater, and go a further step to design and manufacture coating structure with outstanding anti-tribocorrosion performance in seawater. The Cr(X)N coatings with different structures were fabricated by arc ion plating technology. By monitoring the electrochemical dynamic data during friction, combining with measurement, characterization and analysis of interface damage evolution of physical and chemical properties, the effect of coating structure on passivation mechanism during friction for Cr(X)N coatings were discussed. The relationship between passivation mechanism and tribocorrosion properties were analyzed. The tribocorrosion mechanisms of Cr(X)N coatings in seawater environment are revealed. The structure design principles of Cr(X)N coatings for tribocorrosion operations in seawater are establish at last. The outputs of this project would provide scientific ideas and technical solutions for the high reliability protecting coatings on surfaces of key and important components in seawater. The applicant has accumulated rich experiences and obtained some important results in the corresponding field, and the required foundations and conditions of this project are ready.

本项目针对海工装备关重部件抗磨蚀要求，基于前期研究对Cr(X)N涂层优异抗磨蚀性能的认识，拟在开展Cr(X)N涂层海水环境动态钝化机制研究的基础上，设计制备出在海洋环境中具有优异抗磨蚀性能的涂层结构。项目将以电弧离子镀技术为手段制备不同结构的Cr(X)N涂层，通过监测摩擦过程中电化学动态数据，结合损伤界面物理化学性质演变的测试、表征与解析，分析不同组成结构的Cr(X)N涂层在海水环境摩擦过程中对钝化界面作用规律，揭示海水环境中Cr(X)N涂层的磨蚀损伤机理，最终建立海水环境用抗磨蚀Cr(X)N复合涂层的结构设计准则，为海工装备关重件抗磨蚀设计提供思路和解决方案。申请人在相关领域内已积累丰富的研究经验并取得阶段性研究结果，已具备完成此项目的基础和条件。

先进的海洋工程装备，既是发展海洋经济的必要支撑，也是加强海洋国防力量的重要保障，是当下国家核心竞争力最主要的体现之一。海洋工程材料是海工装备的基础，未来五到十年将是我国发展海洋工程材料的大好时机，“材料先行”已是刻不容缓。但海水环境中油润滑技术受到严格限制，大多数海水环境零部件因拆卸困难以致难以对其进行修复和再制造。海水环境关重运动部件的磨蚀问题已成为制约现代化海工装备稳定高效和长寿命运行的瓶颈。分析磨蚀行为中钝化层的破坏和再生动力学问题以及钝化层破坏后离子的迁徙问题，将有助于解析这些零部件损伤及失效原因。在传统的金属类依赖钝化效应的耐蚀材料难以满足海水环境稳定长效的抗磨蚀要求，而新型海水环境用高性能抗磨蚀整体材料研制成本和难度均比较高的情况下，发展适用于海水环境的具有较强抗磨蚀特性且具有一定的弱钝化效应的功能涂层（钝化层的破坏对其性能影响较小），是控制海水环境关重运动部件磨蚀损伤最为经济可行的技术途径。. 本项目按计划执行，开展了CrN、CrAlN、CrCN涂层、Cr/CrN多层涂层以及其他相关涂层的海水环境磨蚀行为研究，分析CrN基海水环境动态钝化机制，设计制备在海洋环境中具有优异抗磨蚀性能的涂层结构。项目将以电弧离子镀技术为手段制备不同结构的Cr(X)N涂层，通过监测摩擦过程中电化学动态数据，结合损伤界面物理化学性质演变的测试、表征与解析。结果表明Cr(X)N涂层具有良好的海水环境耐磨蚀性能，提升海工装备关键零部件的使用寿命30%以上。为发展高可靠性海水环境关重部件表面防护涂层材料提供科学基础和技术支撑，为海工装备关重件抗磨蚀设计提供思路和解决方案，具有重要的现实意义。