制度逻辑、政策话语与草原治理

Under the grim situation that the 90 % rangeland is at different degraded condition in China, sustainable rangeland management is a crucial problem which all society has being very concerned about. The market-oriented institutional transformation has made livestock industry enormous progress in Inner Mongolia, but why don't the pastoral form a stable-effective management institution? This is an urgent important questions need to answer in the management practice in Inner Mongolia rangeland. This project attempts to explore the interaction of institutional logic and policy discourse in the institutional transformation of rangeland management by discourse anlysis. First of all, we will examine the institutional logics (including economic development and environmental conservation)behind rangeland management in crisis narrative, and the contextual conditions they work by means of case study of controversial overgrazing. Secondly, we will investigate how the state logics shape and constrain rangland policy and how the rangeland policy reacted to the state logics. Thirdly, we will carefully observe how state logics influence the grazing behavior of herders in field research and depth interviews with the various samples from herhers, village, township, and counties. Finally, we will seek the discursive consensus among the different actors adhering to different institutional logics, and explore the contractual solution of rangeland governance. The study of rangeland management in Inner Mongolia from institutional logic perspective not only has important implications for theory development, but also has a very urgent practical significance to provide theoretical support for rangeland management.

在全国90%草原存在不同程度退化的严峻形势下，可持续的草原管理已成为政府和社会各界关心的全局性问题。市场化的制度转型让内蒙古畜牧业获得了巨大发展，但是面临着一个亟待回答的重要问题：为什么草原牧区长期不能形成稳定有效的管理制度？ 本项目以制度逻辑为理论出发点、以话语分析为工具对内蒙古草原管理进行案例研究，探索草原治理新思路。研究内容为：第一，以内蒙古草原过度放牧问题为案例，揭示危机叙事中的两种主要制度逻辑(经济发展和环境保护)及其发生作用的情境条件；第二，以"两权一制"管理制度、草畜平衡制度和退牧还草工程三个关键事件为案例，考察政策话语与国家制度逻辑之间的双向构建关系；第三，从牧民、嘎查（村）、苏木（乡）和旗（县）四个层次进行田野调查，考察国家制度逻辑对牧民放牧行为的影响过程；第四，寻求不同制度逻辑下行动者之间的话语共识，探索草原治理的契约解。 研究结果为草原治理提供理论支持。

本项目以制度逻辑为理论出发点、以话语分析为工具对内蒙古草原管理进行案例研究，探索草原治理新思路。研究内容为：第一，对内蒙古七十年草原管理（1947-2017）的经验和教训进行综合性反思研究，考察内蒙古草原治理的制度逻辑及其文化认知根源，提出草原治理的几个基本原则；第二，对内蒙古七十年（1947-2017）草原政策的制度逻辑与《人民日报》牧民报道和经典草原歌曲里所呈现的牧民形象进行匹配性案例分析，考察牧民形象与草原政策制度逻辑的协同演化规律，寻找内蒙古草原治理的内在动力；第三，为了完成现代公地治理思想与中华民族文化基因的理论融合，使之与当代中国社会相协调。通过对哈丁的“公地悲剧”和奥斯特罗姆的“公共池塘资源”这两个概念隐喻进行批评性回顾，本章提出了中国儒家情境下的公地新隐喻——祠堂，从而阐述“公地即隐喻”的理论命题：不同隐喻背后的认知框架会锁定不同的公地治理方案。