五株海绵共附生真菌抗橡胶炭疽病菌的化学成分研究

Natural rubber is one of strategic material of our country. Anthracnose of Hevea brasiliensis caused by Colletotrichum spp. leads to the decline of the output of natural rubber of China increasingly. The sensitivity of anthracnose of Hevea brasiliensis to carbendazim constantly reduced in recent years. Consequently, It is urgent to develop a natural product pesticide with strong sensitivity and low toxicity to control anthracnose of Hevea brasiliensis. In our screening for antifungi agents from marine microorganism, we found the extracts of the fermentation broth of five strains of sponge-derived fungi exhibited inhibitory activities against Colletotrichum spp. In this project, the selected five talent strains will be induced, cultured, and large-scale fermented on the optimal conditions. The bioactive metabolites of these five strains of sponge-derived fungi will be purified by various chromatographic methods and identified by NMR techniques under the anti-phytopathogen activity guided fractionation. After confirming their activity, we will investigate the structure modification of the bioactive novel compounds and their structure-activity relationship. The new research findings will offer new lead compounds for the development of biogenic natural pesticide to control anthracnose of Hevea brasiliensis, and provide important theoretical foundation for the application ofsponge-derived fungi.

天然橡胶是我国四大战略物资之一，由橡胶炭疽病菌引起的橡胶炭疽病造成我国天然橡胶产量损失不断增加。近年来橡胶炭疽病菌对多菌灵的抗药性不断增强，迫切需要研发出新的敏感性强、毒性低的天然农药来防治橡胶炭疽病。在我们筛选具有抗橡胶炭疽病菌活性的海洋微生物中，发现5株海绵共附生真菌的发酵产物对橡胶炭疽病菌有较强的抑制作用。本项目将选取这5株具有橡胶炭疽病菌抑制活性的海绵共附生真菌菌株进行大规模发酵和诱导培养，在抗菌活性追踪指导下，利用现代分离分析技术从其发酵产物中分离鉴定出具有抗橡胶炭疽病菌活性的成分，并进行活性确认、结构修饰和构效关系研究，从而为防治橡胶炭疽病的生物农药研发提供先导化合物，为海绵共附生真菌资源的发掘与利用提供理论依据。

天然橡胶是我国四大战略物资之一，由橡胶炭疽病菌引起的橡胶炭疽病造成我国天然橡胶产量损失不断增加。近年来橡胶炭疽病菌对多菌灵的抗药性不断增强，迫切需要研发出新的敏感性强、毒性低的天然农药来防治橡胶炭疽病。该项目从10种南海海绵样品中共分离到230株共附生真菌，并选取其中有抗菌活性的5株海绵共附生真菌进行了活性次生代谢产物的研究，共从中分离鉴定化合物95个、其中新化合物28个，生物活性测试结果表明，其中的新化合物penicilazaphilone F和penicilazaphilone H对橡胶炭疽病菌具有较强的生长抑制作用，其抑菌圈直径分别为31.4 、32.2mm，测试中所用阳性对照多菌灵的抑菌圈直径为33.5 mm。以上两个化合物的发现有望为防治橡胶炭疽病的生物农药研发提供先导化合物，为海绵共附生真菌资源的发掘与利用提供理论依据。另外项目还对3株红树林共附生真菌进行次生代谢产物的研究，从中共分离鉴定化合物45个、其中新化合物14个，并研究这些化合物的肿瘤细胞毒活性。. 该项目研究结果共发表研究论文13篇、其中SCI论文9篇，申报国家发明专利2项，培养硕士研究生3名。