碳点/插层磷酸锆复合材料在重金属离子分离检测中的应用研究

With the development of society, the increasingly serious environmental pollution caused by heavy metal ions has become one of the world’s major issues. Due to the low contents of heavy metal ions and the interference of coexistence components, it is difficult to achieve rapid and accurate determination by routine analytical methods. The project is aimed at developing novel preparation methods of carbon dots/intercalated zirconium phosphate composites through the selection of raw materials, reasonable functionalization, intercalating technology regulation and preparation conditions optimization. The composites are endowed with high selectivity, abundant binding sites and excellent fluorescent properties; subsequently, combined with solid phase extraction and fluorescence sensing technology, to establish rapid and selective enrichment, separation and detection of heavy metal ions in environmental water samples based on the obtained dual functional materials. The main research contents include directional preparation of the composites, study of separation/detection mechanism and application evaluation. Successful completion of this project can not only provide a new way of thinking for rapid separation and detection of heavy metal ions in environmental samples, but also promote the applications of novel carbon dots based composites in analytical chemistry.

随着社会的发展，所引发的环境污染问题日趋严重，其中重金属离子污染逐步成为世界范围的重大问题，亟待得到有效解决。环境水样中重金属离子的含量偏低、且干扰组分较多，常规分析方法不易实现其快速准确测定。本项目拟通过反应原料的筛选、合理功能化的研究、插层技术的控制和制备条件的优化等手段发展碳点/插层磷酸锆复合材料的制备新方法，赋予所得新材料以高选择性、丰富的吸附结合位点和优异的荧光性质；随后将其作为富集和检测双功能材料，结合固相萃取和荧光传感技术，实现环境水样中目标重金属离子的快速、选择性的富集、分离、检测一体化研究。项目的主要研究内容包括复合材料的定向制备，分离检测机制的探讨和实际应用价值的评价。本项目的完成可以为环境样品中重金属离子的快速分离检测提供新的研究思路，并且促进碳点基新材料在分析检测领域的发展。

对环境水样中痕量或超痕量重金属离子进行合理认知，并建立快速、灵敏、选择性检测平台逐渐成为目前环境科学和分析化学领域的研究热点和难点。本项目针对环境中重金属离子含量少、组分复杂等问题，发展新型碳点基荧光材料，对其进行设计、合成、修饰和表征，探索目标金属离子在纳米结构表面及层间的识别、传输和作用机制；阐明了重金属离子检测过程中，碳点基材料的结构对检测灵敏度和选择性相互关系的规律；结合固相萃取技术和荧光传感技术，发展了基于碳点基材料的荧光传感分析方法，实现复杂基质中待分析物的富集、分离、检测一体化研究。上述研究工作取得了多项具有创新性和系统性的研究成果，在国际期刊Talanta，Microchimica Acta等发表SCI论文9篇，获得黑龙江省高校科学技术奖一等奖一项。这些研究成果可以推动环境污染物快速分析检测领域的发展，并为荧光传感技术在环境、食品、医药、疾病诊断等公共安全领域的应用提供研究方法。