高能制动粉末冶金摩擦材料磨损图研究

Powder metallurgy friction materials for high-energy brake applications such as aeroplane, high-speed train and wind turbine operate under very complex friction conditions under which they are subjected to the effects of variable factors, such as pressure, temperature, and environment. So It has brought austere challenge to the high reliability and long life of powder metallurgy friction materials for high-energy braking. At present, the reliability and wear-resistance design of the materials are short of systematic and deep theoretical basis. On the basis of the previous researches of powder metallurgy friction materials for high-energy braking, the normalization of the main influences on the tribological properties of the materials will be carried out, the effects of friction and lubricant components on the wearability will be investigated, the correlation between physico-mechanical performances and tribological properties will be revealed, the wear mechansims of the materials will be ascertained and the laws and criteria of the wear transition mechansims will be analyzed. Consequently, the wear maps of powder metallurgy friction materials for high-energy will be constructed, the underlying database for material design will be established, the wear life prediction models will be formed. The theoretical guidances of optimal material design and security evaluation for powder metallurgy friction materials for high-energy will be provided through the researches on application of wear maps. Thus, the research is of great theoretical and engineering value to ensure the reliability of powder metallurgy friction materials in service period.

飞机、高速列车及风电机组等制动用粉末冶金摩擦材料均处于高能量密度制动状态，服役工况复杂苛刻，对高能制动粉末冶金摩擦材料的高可靠性及长寿命提出了严峻挑战。然而，目前缺乏可有效指导高能制动粉末冶金摩擦材料的可靠性及耐磨损设计的理论基础。本项目首次提出在已有新型高能制动粉末冶金摩擦材料的研究与开发基础上，通过开展摩擦磨损性能主要影响因素归一化研究，探讨关键摩擦组元和润滑组元对材料耐磨损性能的影响机制，探索材料的物理-机械性能与摩擦磨损特性的关联性，揭示材料的摩擦磨损机理，识别并确定材料的磨损机制，分析磨损机制的转变规律及条件，建立高能制动粉末冶金摩擦材料的磨损图，形成该材料设计的基础数据库，构建飞机、高速列车和风电机组等用高能制动粉末冶金摩擦材料的磨损寿命预测模型。开展磨损图的应用研究，为该材料的优化设计和安全评估提供理论指导，对高能制动粉末冶金摩擦材料的安全可靠工作具有重要理论和实际应用价值。

应用于高速列车、飞机等高能制动粉末冶金摩擦材料的服役条件复杂苛刻，高速高能对摩擦材料提出了高可靠性及长寿命的要求，而目前尚缺乏有效指导其材料设计、寿命评估及预测的摩擦磨损基础理论。为此，本项目开展了高能制动粉末冶金摩擦材料的性能测试技术、制备工艺、关键影响因素归一化、高能制动条件下多材料体系的摩擦磨损性能及机理等方面的研究，建立了从微观到宏观的测试平台和分析技术，确定了摩擦性能关键影响因素的归一化处理，系统分析了多材料体系在不同条件尤其高能制动下的摩擦磨损性能，识别了磨损机制并对其进行标准化表达，开发了建立磨损图的计算机软件，归纳分析实验数据，构建了高能制动粉末冶金摩擦材料的磨损图及材料设计数据库，成功实现了磨损图应用于高速列车制动粉末冶金摩擦材料的材料设计、寿命评估及预测，验证了项目首次提出构建高能制动磨损图的可靠性和有效性，将显著降低了高能制动粉末冶金摩擦材料的开发时间和成本，项目的开展和所取得的研究结果具有显著的学术价值及社会经济效益。