基于磁轴承的船舶推进轴系振动噪声控制机理研究

The control of vibration and acoustic radiation of a ship induced by shaft system have not been solved for a long time. Aiming at this problem, the work emphasizing on the radial bearing and thrust bearing is developed by using magnetic bearing technology. Depends on the heavy load of ship shaft system, the scheme of the active magnetic bearing for the static load of the gravity and the static thrust force of the shaft system is proposed. A propeller-shaft-hull coupled model which includes the stiffness and damping of the active magnetic bearing is built. The active control system of the magnetic bearing is applied to control the radial and axial unsteady excitation of the shaft system. The location and installation schemes of the base for thrust bearing is investigated. The control effect of the vibration for the ship is studied by calculation and test. By establishing the control system of magnetic bearing for the ship shaft system, the vibration and acoustic radiation of ship will be significantly decreased. This study will provide a new method for the control of vibration and acoustic radiation of a ship and foundation for the acoustic design of a ship.

针对船舶推进轴系振动噪声控制一直没有得到有效解决这一问题，以推进轴系径向轴承和推力轴承为研究对象，开展基于磁轴承的船舶推进轴系振动噪声控制机理研究。首先针对船舶推进轴系重载荷的特点，提出满足轴系定常重力支承和推进器纵向静推力传递要求的船舶推进轴系磁轴承方案。根据磁轴承的刚度和阻尼特性，建立推进器-轴系-船体耦合动力学模型。其次在磁轴承主动控制系统基础上，以轴系对船体的非定常激励力最小为控制目标，考虑推进器非定常激励力频谱特性，建立对轴系进行力补偿的径向磁轴承和纵向推力磁轴承控制系统。最后分析船体在不同激励方式下的响应特性，总结推力轴承基座结构形式对船体耦合振动噪声的影响规律，提出适用于推力磁轴承的低噪声基座。对船舶推进轴系磁轴承控制系统和低噪声推力磁轴承基座的控制效果进行轴系台架实验验证。项目预期将建立船舶推进轴系磁轴承控制系统，有效降低推进轴系振动噪声，为船舶声隐身设计提供支撑。

针对船舶推进轴系振动噪声控制一直没有得到有效解决这一问题，本项目以建立船舶推进轴系振动噪声磁悬浮轴承控制系统为研究目标，以径向轴承和推力轴承为研究对象，开展轴系径向和纵向定常力的传递和非定常力的控制研究，和低噪声磁悬浮推力轴承基座布置位置及结构形式研究,建立了大型船舶推进器、轴系、船体耦合振动声辐射计算数值模型的建模规则，建立了整船全三维动力学计算模型，揭示了推进器-轴系-船体耦合振动声辐射线谱峰值的形成机理。相关学术成果得到了国际学术界的广泛认可。由于船舶推进轴系低速重载的特性，采用传统滑动轴承或被动式磁悬浮轴承支承传递推进轴系自身重力和推力轴承处静推力定常静态载荷，采用主动式磁悬浮轴承控制轴系径向非定常激励力和推力轴承处纵向非定常激励力。以磁悬浮径向与推力轴承对船体的激励力最小为磁悬浮轴承系统综合优化的控制目标，并进行轴系缩比模型的台架试验验证磁悬浮轴系控制系统的减振效果。项目建立了船舶推进轴系磁轴承控制系统，有效降低推进轴系振动噪声，为船舶声隐身设计提供支撑。