Polymer solar cells have become a rising star in the research area of clean energy due to their potential for the efficient and clean usage of the solar energy. A key issue in the study of polymer solar cells is the improvement of their power conversion efficiency and the manufacturing technique. Here, based on careful molecular design, we will prepare a series of fullerene (C60)-based n-type semiconductors which show a variety of phase states (crystals, liquid crystals, amorphous, liquids) and small molecule p-type semiconductors which have a donor-acceptor structure. By adjusting the molecular structures, well-blended n-type and p-type semiconductors can be obtained, which are then used for the fabrication of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. Dependence of solar cell performance on the mixing ratio of the n-type and p-type semiconductors in the active layer, the film thickness of the two semiconductors, as well as the temperature and time of the quenching process will be clarified. The relationship and mutual feedback among the phase state of the organic semiconductors, the self-assembled structures and the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell will be explored. Finally, liquid semiconductor mixtures will be sorted out as solvent-free inks for the development of new manufacturing technique of the polymer solar cells. This project aims to improve the power conversion efficiency and to optimize the manufacturing technique of the polymer solar cells through adjustment of the molecular structure and the self-assembled architectures of the organic semiconductors, and finally to provide ideal materials and technical support for their large-scale production.
聚合物太阳能电池因其有望对太阳能实现绿色环保、高效利用而成为清洁能源领域一颗闪耀的新星,而提高其光电转换效率、改善其生产工艺一直是研究的重点。本项目从半导体分子的设计出发,制备一系列多相态基于富勒烯(C60)的n-型有机半导体和具有推-拉电子结构的小分子p-型有机半导体;调节其分子结构,实现两种半导体的有效共混,以此构筑混合p/n异质结聚合物太阳能电池;理清电池有效层中n-型和p-型有机半导体的混合比例、厚度、以及退火温度与时间对电池性能的影响规律,探索有机半导体相态、电池有效层自组装结构、电池光电转换效率三者之间的依存关系及互馈机制;筛选出具有优异光电转换性能的液态有机半导体共混体系,开发聚合物太阳能电池的无溶剂构筑方法。 本项目旨在从半导体分子结构和电池有效层自组装结构两方面改进聚合物太阳能电池的光电转换效率并改善其生产工艺,为其实现工业化生产提供材料基础和技术保障。
围绕项目主体方向,以材料制备和应用开发为支点开展工作。首先,构筑了一系列富碳功能材料体系,包括:基于富勒烯C60(以下简称C60)的各种n-型有机半导体材料及复合材料;2)含小分子共轭结构的功能材料;3)与C60结构类似的碳纳米材料体系如碳点、碳纳米管、石墨烯等;4)复合材料体系。所采取的主要手段有:1)选用[3+2]环加成、自由基加成等反应,将不同极性、不同数目、不同结构的修饰基团引入C60,获得了一系列结构特殊、性质独特的C60衍生物;2)利用酰胺化、取代、季铵化等反应,制备了萘基功能材料;3)利用混酸回流、一步热解等方法,制备了一系列结构和发光波段各异的碳点;4)综合利用增溶、分散、主客体包结等技术手段,构筑了包含碳纳米材料的各种复合材料体系。. 之后,系统、深入地研究了各材料体系的性质,获得了一些有趣的结果,如:多金属氧酸盐修饰的C60衍生物能够形成既具有磁性,又具有光动力活性的洋葱状聚集体,而金刚烷修饰的C60衍生物能够形成有序的各种结晶;含支化烷基的萘基咪唑盐室温下呈现液体状态,粘度为水的一百万倍以上;咪唑阳离子修饰的碳点能够发生相转移并可用作荧光油墨;纳米纤维素诱导的含氧化石墨烯聚合物薄膜兼具颜色响应和湿度响应,等等。. 最后,我们选择典型材料体系,应用于光电化学和器件中,取得了良好效果。我们利用一步法原位制备了碳点敏化的TiO2光阳极,发现用它构筑的敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率有了很大提升;C60修饰的氧化石墨烯同时表现出光热效应和光动力活性;纳米纤维素/碳管复合体系具有结构色和导电性;以纳米纤维素为模板制备的氧化石墨烯掺杂聚合物薄膜具有有趣的水蒸气制动性能,等等。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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