泥河湾盆地侯家窑人的存续时间、生存环境及气候背景

Houjiayao Man, as the representative type of early Homo sapiens, has occupied an essential role in the process of human evolution in China. To specify the timing, duration, living environment and climatic conditions of Houjiayao Man is the basis for restoring the livelihoods and development pattern of ancient humans, and also of great significant for exploring the origin and spread of Homo sapiens. In this project, the Houjiayao and Heyaozhuang relic sites were selected as research target, with the help of optically stimulated luminescence dating and uranium series dating techniques, pollen assemblages, grain-size distribution, organic carbon isotopic composition, palaeontology assemblages and lithic industry analysis, we aim to generate the age-depth model of sedimentary strata, and to reconstruct the living environment and climatic conditions of Houjiayao Man through multi-discipline studies including chronology, paleoclimatology, paleoenvironment and paleolithic archaeology. Based on these results, we want to determine the timing, duration, living environment and climatic conditions of Houjiayao Man, to establish the culture sequence of study area, to reveal regional environment and climate history and their influence on ancient human survival and development.

侯家窑人是我国早期智人的代表类型，在我国古人类演化进程中占有十分重要的地位。明确侯家窑人的生存年代及其存续时间、生存环境和气候背景，对认识和理解古人类生活状况和发展模式、探索现代人类起源和扩散等具有重要意义。本项目选择侯家窑遗址和禾尧庄遗址为研究对象，借助光释光和铀系定年技术、孢粉分析、沉积物粒度组成、有机质碳同位素、古生物组合和石器工业分析等方法，旨在通过年代学、古气候学、古环境学和旧石器考古等多学科研究构建遗址区地层年代序列、恢复古人类生存时期的气候环境背景，在此基础上确定侯家窑古人类的生存年代、存续时间和活动范围，完善遗址区文化演进序列，恢复区域气候环境变化及其对古人类生存和发展的影响。

本项目选取泥河湾盆地侯家窑遗址和禾尧庄遗址为研究对象，借助光释光定年技术、孢粉分析、沉积物粒度组成和石器工业分析等方法，构建了遗址区地层年代序列、恢复古人类生存时期的气候环境背景，在此基础上确定了禾尧庄遗址和侯家窑遗址继承关系。取得了以下重要成果：（1）禾尧庄遗址剖面文化层形成时间在距今10万年前后（对应MIS5阶段）；（2）禾尧庄遗址的环境条件与侯家窑遗址相似，禾尧庄遗址可能是侯家窑遗址遭到河流破坏后古人类迁徙定居的主要场所；（3）禾尧庄遗址的石器工业和文化特点等与侯家窑遗址具有很强的相似性，表明两者在文化渊源上关系密切，有技术上的传承。上述成果为进一步认识和理解侯家窑人生存和发展模式、完善泥河湾地区晚更新世文化演进序列、探索现代人类起源和扩散提供了重要启示。