少数层二维共轭高分子液态金属催化化学气相沉积合成及电学性质研究

Due to the special properties, high flexibility, porous structure, and good controllability of the structures and functions, few-layer two-dimensional conjugated polymer (FL-2DP) has great potential for applications in molecular-scale electrical devices. However, owing to the critical synthetic parameters, FL-2DP can only be produced in high cost with low controllability, and the product usually has poor quality and small domain size, hampering the both the fundamental research and practical applications of FL-2DP. Based on the fact that the liquid metal has a smooth surface with controlled catalytic activity, and the reactant diffuses and assembles easily on it, the project aims to develop a new synthetic method, called liquid metal catalyzed chemical vapor deposition, to produce large-area high-quality FL-2DP. To realize this target, both the mechanism and control parameters of the Ullmann, Glaser polymerization reaction on liquid metal will be studied. Based on the controllable synthesis, this project will research the relationship between the molecular structure and the electrical properties of FL-2DP, finally realizing the applications in field effect transistors and electrical sensors. Successful outcomes for this project will provide us a new route to realize controllable polymerization on the interface, and solve the problem in low-cost synthesis of large-area high-quality FL-2DP. This project will also provide us much clearer understanding of the electrical properties of FL-2DP, laying a solid foundation in theory and material science for both fundamental research and practical application of this new type of conducting polymers.

少数层二维共轭高分子由于独特的电学性质、良好的柔韧性、多孔性、结构和性能的可调控性，在开发新型分子尺度电子器件领域具备巨大潜力。然而，这类材料合成条件比较苛刻，有限的几种方法无论在产物的质量、尺寸上，还是在制备的成本和可控性上都不能满足应用需求，极大限制了电学性质研究及器件应用。本项目利用液态金属表面平整度高、物质扩散和组装容易、催化活性能够调控的优点，研究液态金属表面Ullmann、Glaser聚合反应的机理和调控因素，开发液态金属催化化学气相沉积法实现大面积高质量少数层二维共轭高分子的合成。在此基础上，探寻分子结构与电学性能关系，拓展其在场效应晶体管、电学传感器领域的应用。本项目的实施为实现可控界面聚合反应提供了新思路，有利于解决这类材料目前面临的大面积、低成本、高质量可控合成的难题，增加人们对其电学性质的认识，为这一新型导电高分子材料的开发和实用化奠定坚实的材料合成和理论基础。

针对少数层二维共轭高分子可控合成的难题，该项目开发了金属催化化学气相沉积、真空蒸镀、超临界流体溶剂热法等新技术，实现了高质量少数层二维共轭高分子及其晶体的可控合成。在此基础上，研究了分子结构与电学性能关系，并将其应用于场效应晶体管、光电探测器、化学生物传感器等领域。该项目在Nat Commun, Sci Adv, J Am Chem Soc等期刊上发表论文29篇，授权中国发明专利3项。本项目的实施开发了一系列适用于少数层二维共轭高分子材料合成的新技术，为其后续应用奠定了基础。