仿生多尺度微滴收集界面材料的设计与制备

The water crisis worldwide restricts the development of industry, agriculture and economy; Discharge of oily water also threatens the human survival environment; In the meantime, production of strongly corrosion liquid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated alkali liquids and so on, puts forward higher requirement for the tolerance of instruments. All of these problems highly affect people’s quality of life. To solve them, scientists and engineers have developed different methods：such as desalination of sea water and recycling of waste water to get fresh water, membrane-based separation and centrifugation to separate oil in oily water, extraction and absorption method to remove the corrosive liquid in petroleum products. However, these methods are all limited by complexity of the treatment process, powerless in mass processing, or high energy consumption and high equipment requirement, therefore can’t solve problems efficiently. In fact, the essential question of both water and oil is the interface problem; the key is directional collection of micro-sized liquid. Based on this scientific question, this project will first investigate the micro-sized water droplet collection performance of natural organism surface in air. Then, guided by the principle of natural organism’s water collection in air, this project will further construct biomimetics multi-scale interfacial materials capable of collecting micro-sized liquid droplets. Through optimal regulation from both surface microstructures and surface chemical composition of the as-prepared materials, realizing continuously and efficiently collect micro-sized water droplets in air, micro-sized oil droplets that are produced during petroleum extraction from depleted oil field under water and micro-sized highly corrosive liquid in petrochemical technology process under oil.

世界范围水资源危机的出现制约着工业、农业及经济的发展；含油污水的大量排放威胁人们赖以生存的环境；石油化工中强酸强碱等腐蚀性液体的产生考验着仪器的耐受性，所有这些问题严重影响着人们的生活质量。为解决这些难题，科学家和工程师开发了多种应对的办法：如海水脱盐、废水回收等来获取可利用淡水，膜分离、离心等分离含油污水中的油以及萃取、吸附等除去石油产品中的腐蚀性液体。然而所有这些方法都受限于处理工艺复杂，不适合大规模处理或者能耗高，设备要求高，因而不能有效地解决问题。事实上，不论是水的问题还是油的问题，其根本是界面科学问题，核心是对微小液滴的定向收集。基于此，本项目拟通过对天然生物表面在空气中收集微米尺寸水滴的研究，仿生构筑多尺度微滴收集界面材料，从几何结构和化学组成两方面进行优化调控，最终实现连续高效地收集空气中的微水滴，贫油田采油过程排放的水中的微油滴及石油化工制备的油中的微强酸/强碱液滴。

油水分离技术是环境保护和轻重工业发展的重要保障，与人类的生产生活密不可分。但是传统油水分离材料及网膜油水分离材料等有着种种问题，例如分离效果差、通量小、无法分离微小油滴、难以回收或重复使用、无法连续分离、难以在苛刻的环境下使用等等。为解决这些难题，科学家和工程师开发了多种应对的办法：如海水脱盐、废水回收等来获取可利用淡水，膜分离、离心等分离含油污水中的油以及萃取、吸附等除去石油产品中的腐蚀性液体。然而所有这些方法都受限于处理工艺复杂，不适合大规模处理或者能耗高，设备要求高，因而不能有效地解决问题。事实上，不论是水的问题还是油的问题，其根本是界面科学问题，核心是对微小液滴的定向收集。基于此，本项目拟通过对天然生物表面在空气中收集微米尺寸水滴的研究，仿生构筑多尺度微滴收集界面材料，从几何结构和化学组成两方面进行优化调控，最终实现连续高效地收集空气中的微水滴，贫油田采油过程排放的水中的微油滴及石油化工制备的油中的微强酸/强碱液滴。