航空发动机用12/10极自解耦式无轴承开关磁阻起动/发电机及其控制的基础研究

In order to meet the need of high ratio of propulsion to weight for the more-electric aircraft engine, one 12/10 bearingless switched reluctance starter/generator with self-decoupling capability is proposed. It has some advantages such as short axial length, high critical speed and power, which highly improves the ratio of propulsion to weight for the aircraft engine. Therefore, loss law of bearingless switched reluctance starter/generator with multi-physics coupling is explored, and non-linear optimization method with multi-parameters and multi-objectives is proposed for the starter/generator. In the meanwhile, coupling mechanism between system parameters is analyzed and multi-variables mathematic model of rotor dynamics is established, which can realize the cooperative control with multi-objectives for the starter/generator. In addition, stability control strategy with the complicated disturbance is investigated, which is for the meeting the requirement of high performance in steady and dynamic operation with complex operation condition. Finally, the proposed bearingless switched reluctance starter/generator, which integrates magnetic levitation, starter and generator into one electrical machine, highly improves the integration and efficiency of the energy conversion. Therefore, this project provides a novel solution to improve the performance of more-electric aircraft engines.

针对多电全电航空发动机大推重比的急需，本项目提出了一种12/10极自解耦式无轴承开关磁阻起动/发电机，具有电机轴向长度短，临界转速高和输出功率大等特点，大大提高发动机的推重比。项目研究致力于：探索多物理场耦合作用下无轴承开关磁阻起动/发电机的损耗规律，提出多约束条件下无轴承开关磁阻起动/发电机的多参数、多目标非线性优化方法；分析无轴承开关磁阻起动/发电机系统参数之间的耦合机理，构建多变量转子动力学模型，实现起动/发电机的多目标协同调控；研究复杂扰动下起动-发电机的稳定控制方法，实现多变运行工况及复杂扰动共同作用下无轴承开关磁阻起动-发电机高品质的稳态与动态运行。本项目研究对象集磁悬浮和电动/发电机功能于一体，提高了系统集成度和电能转换效率，为多电全电航空发动机的性能提升提供了新的解决途径。

针对多电全电航空发动机大推重比的急需，本项目提出了一种12/10极自解耦式无轴承开关磁阻电机，具有电机轴向长度短，临界转速高和输出功率大等特点，可进一步提高发动机的推重比。为此，首先基于新型电机的结构及工作原理，搭建电机的数学模型并深入研究其相关特性。其次，在探索了多物理场作用下铁耗的变化规律基础上，利用基于最小二乘法的响应面模型和粒子群算法实现多约束下电机的多参数多目标优化，并加工一台样机及搭建实验平台。此外，针对由飞机在飞行过程中会进行滚动、俯仰和偏航运动较大而造成的动框架效应导致转子难以稳定运行问题，构建了复杂多变量转子的电磁-动力学模型，并对转子动力学耦合机理进行深入研究。在此基础上，设计基于状态反馈精确线性化控制的悬浮力控制器及电流前馈控制方法实现转子的稳定运行。本项目研究对象集磁悬浮和电机功能于一体，提高了系统集成度和电能转换效率，为多电全电航空发动机的性能提升提供了新的解决途径。