复合转子单绕组无轴承开关磁阻电机及其解耦控制研究

The strong coupling between torque and suspending force is a common problem for traditional bearingless switched reluctance motor (BSRM), and this is not good for high-speed control. Additionally, effective torque generating is in the ascending region of inductance, and effective suspending force only occurs closed to the aligned position. Therefore, the operating point of traditional BSRM has to be selected to in compromise between torque and suspending force, and regions of generating torque and suspending force cannot be fully utilized. In order to solve the above problems, a novel 12/8 hybrid-rotor single-winding BSRM (HSBSRM) is presented, which has the ability to suspend the shaft at each position of its rotor. Aiming at increasing the system radial-bearing capacity, decoupling level and coordinated control, this project focuses on the principle, machine design, control method and experimental platforms. The main contents are summarized as follows. Firstly, in order to set up the unified mathematical model of its electromagnetic force, the electromagnetic characteristics of HSBSRM and the accurate equivalent of its complex three dimensional field problem are investigated, respectively. Secondly, the machine design methods of HSBSRM are studied so as to solve the new design problem resulted by the hybrid rotor, and reduce the coupling of torque and radial force in machine structure. Thirdly, the decoupled control method suitable for high-speed operation of HSBSRM is investigated; based on different optimization, the control algorithms dynamically equivalent to double-windings levitation are designed for simplifying its suspension and promoting the performance. Moreover, in order to explorer the essential relationship between suspension excitation and torque excitation, and realize the levitation smooth control in two-excitation switching process, a suspending force sharing method of HSBSRM is presented. Finally, the prototype and the system test platform are established so that the characteristics of levitation and output performance for the HSBSRM can be obtained by means of experiments.

研究具有全转子位置悬浮能力的复合转子单绕组无轴承开关磁阻电机（HSBSRM），打破转矩和悬浮力有效输出区域间的制约，实现转矩和悬浮力的解耦及协调控制，对于提升系统运行性能具有较强的理论和实践意义。本项目拟基于12/8极HSBSRM系统开展研究，着力强化系统径向承载力、解耦度和协调控制，进而提高其功率密度和运行性能。主要研究内容包括：研究HSBSRM电磁特性及复杂三维磁场的等效，建立准确电磁力数学模型；研究HSBSRM径向承载力提升与转矩特性优化间的相互制约关系与本体设计，有效缩短轴向长度，提高临界转速，同时削弱转矩与悬浮力间的耦合；研究适用于HSBSRM高速运行且可实现转矩与悬浮力解耦及协调控制的单/双绕组等效控制方法，寻求输出特性的优化控制；研究HSBSRM换相与励磁模式切换时的悬浮平稳控制方法，实现悬浮力的全程精准控制，提升系统可靠性；研制原理样机及系统平台，实验研究其输出特性和运行规律。

本项目采用轴向集成磁轴承和12/8极开关磁阻电机（SRM）的方式，提出了一种结构简单、径向承载力强且可实现转矩与悬浮力解耦控制的新型无轴承电机系统。旨在从结构上提高径向悬浮承载能力和自解耦度，从控制上实现转矩与悬浮力的协调与解耦控制，以及提升磁悬浮系统的运行性能，从而强化无轴承开关磁阻电机（BSRM）在多电飞机、舰船和飞轮储能等高速、高功率密度驱动领域的应用基础。主要研究内容：研究复合转子单绕组无轴承开关磁阻电机（HSBSRM）的复杂磁场等效与电磁力数学模型，建立了适合单、双相导通的电磁力统一数学模型；探索HSBSRM的径向承载力提升与转矩特性优化间的相互制约关系，以此研究了其本体优化设计方法，并制造了原理样机；研究了HSBSRM的单/双绕组等效控制方法，对比研究了分别基于最小电感平顶区和最大电感对称区进行悬浮解耦控制的运行规律；研制了一套HSBSRM系统硬、软件平台，进一步完善BSRM的设计理论和应用实践方法，为推动无轴承电机的实用化积累了丰富的实践经验。