基于驾驶员转向操纵运动机能学特性的汽车转向性能评价研究

The applicant has been engaged in objective evaluation of steering comfort with the support of the youth project of NSFC. The activity laws of driver’s shoulder and upper limb muscles in steering maneuvre were revealed, and the mapping relationship between the driver’s neuromuscular characteristics and steering forces was established. An estimating method of steering efficiency with EMG signals was developed, and a design method of steering assistant characteristics was presented, which could improve steering comfort. Based on the study, 6 high level papers are published, including 3 papers indexed by SCI and 3 papers presented in top level international conferences. And the applicant has been awarded the First Prize of Beijing Science & Technology Awards based on the study else. In the studying, the research of driver’s neuromuscular characteristics has been found to be difficult to evaluate the steering performances comprehensively from the perspective of driver’s physiology. Therefore, driver’s kinesiology principles of steering maneuvre will be studied systemically in order to study the evaluation of steering performances based on driver’s physiology. The kinesiology principle mapping methods of steering maneuvre will be studied, and the quantitative description of driver’s steering performance with use of kinesiology will be obtained else. Furthermore, the evaluation method of steering performance based on the associated model of steering motion quality and steering motion efficiency which is based on driver neuromuscular performances will be established. The study of the steering performance evaluation based on driver kinesiology characteristics could achieve the theory about the steering performance analysis and evaluation in the “driver-vehicle” closed loop system, which can remedy the shortage of existing analysis and evaluation methods under the vehicle system only. An effective tool for the evaluation of steering performances will be obtained, and the research and design level of steering system will also be improved.

在青年基金资助下，申请人对汽车转向性能中转向舒适性的生理评价研究取得了部分原创性成果，揭示了转向中驾驶员肌肉作用规律，建立驾驶员神经肌肉力学特性与转向力之间的映射，提出利用驾驶员肌肉动作效率估算转向效率的方法和提高转向舒适性的助力特性设计方法。发表SCI论文3篇，国际会议论文宣讲3篇/次，申请发明专利4项，获北京市科学技术一等奖1项。研究中发现，仅对驾驶员神经肌肉力学特性进行研究难以获得全面的汽车转向性能客观生理评价。为此需要系统地研究转向中驾驶员运动机能学机理，解决转向操纵的驾驶员运动机能学描述难题，形成驾驶员转向操纵性能的运动机能学定量描述理论，建立基于驾驶员转向操纵运动质量与转向操纵肌肉动作效率关联模型的转向性能评价方法，实现“人－车”闭环体系的汽车转向性能分析评价体系的理论突破。项目成果将为转向性能分析评价提供有效工具，弥补汽车框架下转向性能评价不足，推进汽车转向系统分析设计水平。

汽车转向性能评价是目前汽车转向技术领域的研究热点之一，对汽车转向系统(特别是转向助力装置)的设计具有重要的指导意义，目前转向性能评价研究中的一个关键问题是缺乏对转向操纵参与主体的驾驶员的生理心理领域的客观性评价，因此亟需开展汽车转向过程中涉及的驾驶员生理心理领域基础性研究，以建立完善的“人－车”闭环体系下汽车转向性能分析评价体系。为此，本项目从驾驶员运动机能学角度对汽车转向性能进行研究，以建立基于驾驶员运动机能学的转向性能分析评价方法。. 具体研究内容以及取得的相关成果包括：. 1）驾驶员转向操纵运动质量研究. 研究了驾驶员在一定约束下的转向操纵运动平顺性等运动质量评价指标以及不舒适度，对转向操纵主观舒适性及运动质量进行相关性分析，提出了与转向操纵过程中驾驶员主观舒适性关联度较高的、具有普遍性的9种转向操纵运动质量评价指标。. 2）驾驶员转向舒适性评价研究. 构建了驾驶员运动机能学特性与驾驶员主观转向舒适性的关联关系，提出了一种单纯基于驾驶员转向操纵运动质量评价的转向操纵舒适性客观评价方法，以及一种基于转向操纵效率的转向舒适性客观评价方法。. 3）基于驾驶员运动机能学的转向性能分析评价. 综合转向操纵运动质量与主观舒适性相关性分析以及转向操纵效率与主观舒适性的关联关系，得到了一种基于驾驶员运动机能学的转向性能客观分析评价方法。. 本研究系统的揭示了转向操纵中驾驶员运动机能学基本机理，解决了转向操纵中驾驶员工作负荷、效率的运动机能学特性描述问题，凝练出一种汽车转向性能分析评价方法，为促进汽车转向系统设计水平以及提高整车操纵稳定性提供了一种有效的设计信息反馈，同时也为智能汽车中人机共驾型汽车研究中驾驶员和汽车的协同转向控制创造了基础。. 研究团队申请了2项国家发明专利，发表了20篇学术论文，其中SCI论文15篇。以本项目部分研究成果为依托，项目研究期间获得国家科技进步二等奖1项，中国汽车工业优秀青年科技人才奖1项。