煤矿区污染场地特征识别与废弃植物炭化调控研究

Contaminated sites pollution caused by the exploitation and utilization of coal resources, mining waste and their improper handling of harmless treatment have been the theoretical and practical problems to be solved in mine ecology and mine environment field in China. This research will select the closed mine area of Hanqiao Mine in Xuzhou, the opencast mine area of Antaibao Mine in Pingshuo, and the underground coal mine area of Dayan Mine in Hulun Buir as the study objects, to 1) identify characteristics and boundary of contaminated sites based on basic background data of different mine sites acquired by applying remote sensing and sensing technology, 2) analyze the regularity of contaminants migration in typical coal mining area combining field measurements and laboratory simulation, 3) determine the key indicators of site safety, and set up safety early warning system for typical coal mining area, and 4) select plant for mining area landscape restoration, and probe into the bio-carbonization purification techniques of waste plant in typical contaminated site. The purpose of the study is to solve the theoretical problems of contaminated sites characteristics identification and contaminants migration in coal mining area, and provide a technique for monitoring, thus, provide reference value for the government on setting monitoring technique standards of contaminated site and implementing reclamation projects in mining area, provide technical support for monitoring, identification and purification of contaminated sites in coal mining area, and have practical application value for landscape restoration and ecological security in coal mining area.

煤炭资源的开采利用、矿区废弃物的排放和无害化处理不当造成的场地污染已成为矿山生态及我国矿业环境领域亟待解决的理论和实践问题。本课题以徐州韩桥闭矿矿区、平朔安太堡露天矿区、呼伦贝尔大雁井工矿区为研究对象：（1）应用遥感、传感技术获取煤矿区不同场地的基础本底数据，识别污染场地特征与边界范围；（2）结合野外实测和实验室模拟，解析典型煤矿区场地中污染物的迁移规律；（3）确定场地安全关键指标，建立典型煤矿区安全预测预警系统；（4）筛选矿区景观修复植物，研发典型污染场地废弃植物生物炭化净化技术。研究旨在解决矿区污染场地特征识别与污染物迁移的理论问题并为其监测提供一种技术方法，对于国家制定矿区污染场地监测技术标准及复垦工程的实施具有参考价值，为煤矿区污染场地的监测识别与净化治理提供技术支撑，并对煤矿区景观修复和生态安全具有实际应用价值。

煤炭资源的开采利用、矿区废弃物的排放和无害化处理不当造成的场地污染已成为矿山生态及我国矿业环境领域亟待解决的理论和实践问题。课题应用遥感、传感技术获取煤矿区不同场地的基础本底数据，识别污染场地特征与边界范围；结合野外实测和实验室模拟，解析典型煤矿区场地中污染物的迁移规律；确定场地安全关键指标，建立典型煤矿区安全预测预警系统；筛选矿区景观修复植物，研发典型污染场地废弃植物生物炭化净化技术。研究解决了矿区污染场地特征识别与污染物迁移的理论问题，并为其监测提供了一种技术方法。研究所得出的理论方法、数学模型、识别技术、软件手段、多期多源数据和实验室检测数据等对于国家制定矿区污染场地监测技术标准及复垦工程的实施具有参考价值，为煤矿区污染场地的监测识别与净化治理提供技术支撑，并对煤矿区景观修复和生态安全具有实际应用价值。.课题重点开展了四个方面的研究工作：.（1）矿区场地本底特征与遥感识别研究。.（2）矿区场地理化特性-生态效应-安全预警研究。.（3）矿区典型场地土壤废弃植物炭化调控实验及净化技术。.（4）矿区场地特征不同尺度监测识别与风险管控。