矿区复垦土壤重金属光谱解析及迁移特征研究

The heavy metal pollution and repair in reclamation soils of mining area is a research hotspot of mining ecological and regional field，industry fields in China.It is significance of sustainable land use， food security, mining area environment and regional ecological protection. This project take the reclaimed soil of mining areas as the research object, 1) ascertaining the sources and distribution of the heavy metals in reclaimed soil of mining areas by the field research and laboratory analysis, 2) establishing the inversion model to monitor the heavy metsals in the reclaimed soil of mining areas in-situ and es-situ with the help of spectral acquisition and interpretation, 3) explaining the the sorption and migration of heavy metal in soil-plant system through the design of the simulation experiment, 4) ascertaining the content and distribution of the heavy metal and the degree of contamination to determing which crops, including the wheat, rice, and corn are satisfactoy to be grown to the reclaimed soil and indicating the direction for repairing. The conclusions of the research can provide theoretical basis and technology support for monitoring the distribution and migration of the heavy metals in the reclaimed soil of the mining areas. It will exert a reference value to making a development of technical standard for mining land reclamation by the state. Based on the conclusions, the state can develop some controlling measures of the restoration of mine contaminated land. The conclusions also can be applied to monitore the food security of mining area.

矿区复垦土壤重金属污染及其修复是当今矿山生态及我国区域性、行业性领域的研究热点，对土地可持续利用、粮食安全、矿区环境与区域生态保护具有重要意义。本课题以煤矿区复垦土壤为研究对象，（1）通过场地实测及实验室分析，明确矿区复垦土壤重金属的来源及分布；（2）借助野外和实验室的光谱采集、解析，建立矿区复垦土壤重金属原/异位监测的反演模型；（3）设计实验室模拟方案，说明土壤-作物系统的重金属迁移特征；（4）明确不同复垦工艺的人工土壤上种植的粮食作物（小麦、水稻和玉米）的重金属分布与污染程度，以确定该土壤的适种粮食作物种类及修复方向。研究结论有助于解决矿区复垦土壤重金属分布、迁移的理论问题并为其监测提供一种技术方法，对于国家制定矿区复垦技术标准及复垦工程的设计实施具有参考价值，为矿区污染土地的修复并进而制定相应治理措施提供依据，并对矿区粮食安全的监控具有实际应用价值。

矿区复垦土壤重金属污染及其修复是当今矿山生态及我国区域性、行业性领域的研究热点，对土地可持续利用、粮食安全、矿区环境与区域生态保护具有重要意义。课题通过场地实测及实验室分析，明确矿区复垦土壤重金属的来源及分布；借助野外和实验室的光谱采集、解析，建立矿区复垦土壤重金属原/异位监测的反演模型；设计实验室模拟方案，说明土壤-作物系统的重金属迁移特征；明确不同复垦工艺的人工土壤上种植的粮食作物的重金属分布与污染程度。研究解决了矿区复垦土壤重金属分布、迁移的理论问题，并为其监测提供了一种技术方法。研究所得出的理论方法、数学模型、试验技术、软件手段、四年4期光谱数据和实验室检测数据等对国家制定矿区复垦技术标准及复垦工程的设计实施提供数据支持和科学指导，并可为矿区污染土地修复治理措施的制定提供参考。..本课题重点开展了五个方面的研究工作：.（1）矿区复垦土壤重金属光谱特征与估算研究。.（2）矿区土壤-小麦重金属迁移特征模拟研究。.（3）矿区土壤-小麦重金属迁移模型构建与数值模拟。.（4）矿区土壤-小麦重金属污染程度评估。.（5）矿区土壤重金属修复植物初步筛选。