黔东南糯禾特色种质资源遗传构成解析及重要农艺性状的QTL定位分析

Glutinous rice is a variant of rice that inherited specific glutinosity trait during its differentiation and diversification. Oryza sativa L. var. glutinosa, a eco-geographic specific glutinous rice race, had been led to the formation in original ecological environment in Southeast of Guizhou and under the particular farming system of minorities involving both natural and artificial selection. O. sativa L. var. glutinosa is very precious genetic resources which have more elite agronomic traits, such as diverse grain shapes, not easily shattering, enhanced adaptability, disease and insect resistance and fragrant grain quality. Therefore, genetic dissection of these glutinous rice, mapping important genomic regions or loci, and mining elite alleles are very valuable for effective protection and preservation of rice genetic resources, molecular design breeding and superior germplasm selection. Here the applicant proposes to genotype the specific glutinous rice natural populations with saturated functional molecular markers, and combine epistatic association mapping and hitchhiking effect analysis in bioinformatics and comparative genomics. Furthermore, we will try to elucidate the genetic composition of the specific glutinous rice germplasm in Southeast of Guizhou, identify the key genomic regions or genes involving both natural and artificial selection, and mine elite alleles.

糯稻是稻种演变分化过程中保留粘性品质特殊性状的一个变种。糯禾是贵州黔东南独特的原生态条件下及在当地少数民族特殊的耕作方式下，经过长期的自然选择和人工选择所形成的地域性很强的地理生态型特色糯性稻种。糯禾有着谷粒形态多样、不易脱粒和较能适应逆境、抗病虫害强、米质清香等独特的农艺性状特征，是十分宝贵的种质资源。探明糯禾特色种质资源遗传基础，定位其关键基因组区段或位点，发掘其优异QTL/基因和优异等位基因，对有效保护稻种遗传资源，现代分子设计育种与优良种质的创制，都具有十分重要的意义。申请者拟对糯禾自然群体材料进行全基因组的功能性分子标记饱和扫描分析，综合运用上位性关联作图和选择牵连效应分析，结合生物信息学和比较基因组学分析，试图阐明黔东南地区原始地方糯禾品种的遗传构成，在经过长期的自然选择和人工选择演变过程中关键基因组区段或基因，以及对优异等位基因的发掘。