特殊生境中杀线虫细菌次生代谢产物及功能研究

Disease caused by plant-parasitic nematodes is one of the important disease in agricultural production.It is an important approach to obtain efficient environmental friendly biocontrol nematicide from novel active metabolites which isolated from special eco-environmental microorganism. Bacterium plays a major role in the developing biocontrol preparation, especially for the plant-parasitic nematodes. In previous work, five strong nematicidal bacteria were isolated from cow dung for the first time. Currently, the results show that five bacteria are Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Proteus, Pseudochrobactrum and Wautersiella respectively based on the 16S rDNA. On the basis of the preliminary work, the five strains will be studied on secondary metabolites in-depth based on chromatographic and spectral technique as follows: finding nematicidal metabolites from bacteria; isolating and determining natural compounds; elucidating nematicidal metabolites and their function from five bacteria. The project will establish the base of finding nematicial bacteria from special eco-environmental, discovering novel nematicidal compounds and developing efficient environmental friendly nematicidal biocontrol pesticide.

植物线虫引起的病害是农业生产中的重要病害之一，从特殊生境微生物资源中寻找新奇活性次生代谢产物是研发高效环保杀线虫生防制剂的重要途径之一。杀线虫细菌是重要的线虫生防菌。申请人在前期研究中，首次从特殊生境牛粪中分离到5株对线虫有强毒杀作用的细菌。通过16S rDNA鉴定,分别为Achromobacter、Arthrobacter、Proteus、Pseudochrobactrum和Wautersiella属的菌株。本项目拟在前期基础上，应用现代色谱和波谱技术，发现细菌毒杀线虫的活性化合物，分离鉴定天然小分子化合物，阐明5株细菌杀线虫活性次生代谢产物及功能，为深入发掘特殊生境中杀线虫细菌资源，发现结构新颖的杀线虫活性化合物，开发高效新型环保杀线虫生物农药奠定基础。

通过本项目研究，从特殊生境分离筛选具有活性的微生物菌株，从5株细菌以及其他微生物中鉴定化合物60余个，其中具有杀线虫活性的化合物11个，7个化合物(1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde、cochlioquinone&nbsp A、indole-2-methylcarboxylate、硫代丁酸甲酯、3-甲基-2-丁烯酸乙酯、对甲基苯甲醚和异戊酸丁酯）的杀线虫活性为首次报道。阐明了细菌抵御线虫的一种新机制，即细菌可以动员线虫天敌——捕食线虫真菌捕杀线虫，该研究揭示了自然界中细菌、真菌、线虫相互作用的一种复杂关系，该机制的揭示还可能为有害线虫生物防治提供一种生防新思路，研究内容发表在国际著名杂志Nature Communications上。通过项目研究，发表SCI收录论文12篇；获国家发明专利授权2项；培养毕业硕士研究生9名，博士研究生2名。