Recently, arising with the prevalent and comprehensive application of checkpoint inhibitor and CAR-T in clinical cancer treatment, the idea of tumor immunotherapy has developed in an unprecedented way. While due to existence of complicated tumor derived immunosuppression mechanisms, immunotherapy always ends with limited clinical outcomes, so focusing on tumor immunosuppressive pathway is the matter of the fact to improve the outcome of immunotherapy. CNR2 is an immuno-specific cannabinoid receptor, and its agonists are immunosuppressive and widely used in anti-inflammation and anti-tumor treatment, but its role in tumor immunity has not been studied yet. Those drugs may promote tumor progression via inhibiting immune function according to our former data, CNR2 in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are highly expressed and delayed tumor progression is observed in CNR2 knockout mice which means CNR2 are related with tumor immunosuppression. In this study, we will focus on function and potential mechanisms of CNR2 induced T cell exhaustion, clarify whether the usage of CNR2 agonists would aid tumor growth, establish new therapeutic targets for immunotherapy, improved new tumor therapeutic scheme would be established in the future which combined with existed treatments. The results will provide theoretical basis of immunosuppression and may further clarify the availability for the new therapeutic method by targeting CNR2.
近年来,随着免疫检查点抑制剂与CAR-T等细胞免疫治疗的崛起,肿瘤免疫治疗在部分肿瘤中取得了显著的疗效。但现有免疫治疗的总体反应率不高,主要原因是肿瘤具有复杂的免疫抑制机制。因此,发现并靶向新的肿瘤免疫抑制通路,对提高免疫治疗的效果至关重要。CNR2是免疫系统特异的大麻素受体,其激动剂抑制免疫反应,被广泛用于抗炎和肿瘤辅助治疗。但其在肿瘤免疫中的作用尚无研究,激动剂药物也可能抑制肿瘤免疫反应而加速肿瘤进展。我们前期研究发现CNR2在肿瘤浸润T细胞中高表达,并且敲除CNR2显著延缓小鼠肿瘤生长,表明CNR2参与肿瘤免疫抑制。本项目将研究CNR2在T细胞耗竭中的作用与机制;明确CNR2激动剂药物是否促进肿瘤生长;同时通过阻断CNR2建立免疫治疗新方法,并与现有免疫治疗药物联合,建立更好的治疗方案。研究结果将阐明新的肿瘤免疫抑制机制,并为临床开展阻断CNR2的肿瘤免疫治疗提供理论基础。
免疫检查点抑制剂通过逆转肿瘤微环境中T细胞功能的负调节,在不同的肿瘤类型中表现出了显著的治疗效果。为了增强免疫治疗的效果,目前临床上开展了大量的联合治疗临床实验,并发现了某些联合治疗能够进一步延长癌症患者的生存期。然而,势必会有一些药物降低免疫检查点抑制剂的作用,甚至导致严重的的副作用。大麻素被广泛应用于抗炎和癌症患者镇痛止呕。研究表明大麻素具有免疫抑制作用,提示大麻素可能抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应,干预免疫检查点抑制剂的治疗效果。我们系统研究了大麻素在抗肿瘤免疫反应中的作用,以及对免疫检查点抑制剂疗效的影响,并探索了其作用的分子机制。我们发现,在MC38肠癌和B16黑色素瘤两种皮下肿瘤模型中,内源性大麻素AEA和植物来源大麻素THC均显著降低了PD-1抗体的治疗效果。THC和AEA通过与CNR2结合抑制抗肿瘤CD8+ T细胞的增殖和Th1细胞因子的分泌。因为CNR2在T细胞中高表达,我们构建了CNR2在T细胞中的条件性敲除小鼠。实验结果表明CNR2缺失后能明显延缓MC38肠癌、B16黑色素瘤以及LLC肺癌三种肿瘤模型的肿瘤生长,并显著延长小鼠生存期。我们进一步发现,与野生型小鼠相比,敲除CNR2后荷瘤小鼠肿瘤中T细胞数量明显增加,细胞因子的分泌均显著提高。在L. monocytogenes感染模型中,CNR2的缺失也显著促进了T细胞的增殖和免疫应答。最后,我们研究了CNR2调节T细胞功能的信号通路。RNA-seq结果表明敲除CNR2促进了T细胞的激活和分化,并参与调控JAK1-STAT这条信号通路。并且,LC-MS/MS结果表明CNR2与JAK1相互作用,western blotting显示CNR2可能通过结合JAK1抑制JAK1和STAT1的磷酸化,下调JAK-STAT这条信号通路,抑制T细胞抗肿瘤免疫反应。综合我们的研究结果表明,大麻素通过其受体CNR2抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应,并显著降低了PD-1抗体的治疗效果。因此,在免疫检查点抑制剂治疗中,应避免使用大麻素类辅助治疗药物。由于内源大麻素同样参与了免疫抑制,因此阻断大麻素-CNR2信号通路是提高肿瘤免疫治疗效果的一个潜在方法。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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