基于物理结构的轮胎柔性多体力学非线性动态模型研究

Tire is one of the essential components of the vehicle. The contact and friction between tire and road surface results in the vehicle driving, braking and cornering. When riding on the high frequency short-waved road, the tire structure has a large deformation, which is coupled with the dynamic contact and friction between tire and road surface. Thus the tire dynamic performance is in the presence of complex nonlinear phenomena. An accurate dynamic tire model plays an important role in vehicle dynamics simulation. The nonlinear dynamic modeling of the tire is studied through theory analysis, numerical simulation and experimental verification. The major studies of the project include: (1) The IGA curved shell element is presented to describe the tire large rotation motion with large deformation, with the laminated composite shell element to express the rubber viscoelasticity and anisotropy of the carcass and belt. (2) An improved dynamic friction model based on LuGre is presented to describe the viscoelasticity, adhesion and hysteresis of the dynamic friction, and to explore the generation and transform transient mechanism of the contact and friction between tire and road surface. (3) The parameter identification procedure is divided into several subtasks with tire drum test-rig tests . The interface and integration method between the tire model solver and multibody software solver is developed. This study will provide some theory and methodology for tire dynamic performance optimization design and the optimization of vehicle dynamics and control.

轮胎是汽车的关键部件，轮胎与路面的接触与摩擦导致车辆的驱动、制动与转弯，在高频短波路面激励下的轮胎本身的复杂大变形将与轮胎与路面的动态接触与摩擦产生耦合作用，呈现非常复杂的非线性现象，准确模拟轮胎的动态特性对车辆动力学的仿真具有重要作用。本项目通过对轮胎动力学的理论分析、计算模拟和试验验证展开轮胎的非线性动力学建模研究。主要研究内容包括：（1）提出基于等几何分析的曲壳、复合材料层合板单元准确模拟轮胎的刚体位移、大转动、大变形特性以及橡胶的粘-弹性本构及胎侧及带束层的各向异性，解决轮胎的结构与材料本构特性的精确描述；（2）提出基于LuGre的改进摩擦模型，考虑摩擦的粘-弹性、粘附动态效应，深入研究胎面与地面的接触、摩擦产生的动态演化过程与机理；（3）通过轮胎台架试验分步辨识轮胎参数，研究轮胎模型与车辆多体系统的动力学仿真集成技术。本项目将为轮胎动态性能设计及车辆动力学优化提供支持。

轮胎是汽车的关键部件，轮胎与路面的接触与摩擦导致车辆的驱动、制动与转弯，在高频短波路面激励下的轮胎本身的复杂大变形将与轮胎与路面的动态接触与摩擦产生耦合作用，呈现非常复杂的非线性现象，准确模拟轮胎的动态特性对车辆动力学的仿真具有重要作用。.通过项目的研究丰富了车辆系统动力学的理论，项目取得的主要研究成果：提出了基于IGA的轮胎柔性结构模型；提出了基于分数阶导数改进的 LuGre 摩擦刷子模型；研究了柔性多体轮胎模型与多体力学程序集成求解；开发了轮胎试验虚拟台架及轮胎参数辨识分析程序模块；搭建了悬架K/C试验测试平台；研究了车辆行驶状态估计算法，项目共发表论文23篇，其中SCI收录论文8篇，EI收录论文12篇，完成了课题研究内容及拟定目标。