压燃式内燃机微纳颗粒的燃烧控制、声波团聚清除及对大气影响的基础研究

Fine particle from fuel combustion is one of the most important reasons causing haze. In this study, aiming at fine particles from compression ignition engine, the combustion control and acoustic agglomeration mechanisms, as well as its deposition characteristic at atmosphere will be explored. To explore the combustion control mechanism of fine particle, the effect of both fuel and lubricant components as well as the combustion types, including premixed and diffusion and compound combustion, on particle distributions will be tested and analyzed on diesel engine test bench; To explore the mechanism of acoustic agglomeration of fine particles, the micro motions including migration and entrainment will be visualized and analyzed using high-speed microscopic photography technology, on this base, the particle settlement characteristics will be measured and analyzed at different conditions such as particles parameters, sound field variables and environmental factors; In a large glass environment chamber, the fine particles deposition characteristics at atmosphere will be studied, and the particle size, ambient temperature, humidity, and illumination on the particles deposition will be researched. The innovation is that the mechanism of reducing engine fine particulate emissions from both combustion mode and acoustic agglomeration will be researched, and the deposition law of diesel fine particles at atmosphere will be clarified. This study has important theoretical and application value to reduce atmospheric pollution especially haze caused by engine fine particulate emissions.

燃烧产生的细微颗粒是引起灰霾天气的重要原因，本研究将探索压燃式内燃机细微颗粒的燃烧控制与声波团聚机理、在大气中的沉降规律及其与大气灰霾的关系。在发动机台架上试验研究燃料及润滑油特性与柴油机细微颗粒排放之间的关系，并比较预混合燃烧、扩散燃烧及复合燃烧对颗粒分布的影响，探索微纳颗粒物的燃烧控制机理；采用高速显微摄影技术，可视化研究内燃机细微颗粒物在声场中的迁移与夹带等微观运动特性，以及颗粒参数、声场变量与环境因素对颗粒物宏观团聚效果的影响，探索发动机微纳颗粒的声波团聚清除机理；建立环境实验室，研究柴油机微纳颗粒在大气中的沉降与二次污染物特性，以及颗粒尺寸、环境温度、湿度、光照等对沉降规律的影响。创新点在于从燃烧方式、声波团聚方面探索降低发动机微纳颗粒排放的机理，弄清柴油机颗粒在大气中的沉降规律与污染特性。本研究对降低发动机颗粒排放引起的灰霾等大气污染，具有重要的理论与应用价值。

燃烧产生的细微颗粒是引起大气能见度降低的重要原因之一。系统研究了压燃式内燃机细微颗粒的燃烧控制与声波团聚机理，并初步探讨了发动机颗粒排放物与大气能见度之间的关系。在发动机台架上试验研究了柴油、无硫柴油、生物柴油、聚甲氧基二甲醚（PODE）等不同种类的燃料的微纳颗粒物排放，分析了燃料特性与燃烧方式对颗粒物排放的影响，探索微纳颗粒物的燃烧控制机理；研究了常规润滑油、低灰分润滑油、PAO及低灰分PAO对发动机颗粒排放的影响，以及各种运转条件对颗粒物特性的影响；建立模拟试验台，研究细微颗粒物在声场中运动与凝并，以及声场变量等对颗粒物团聚效果的影响，探索发动机微纳颗粒的声波团聚清除机理；在玻璃室试验研究柴油机的颗粒排放物沉降及微纳颗粒物对大气能见度的影响。本研究对降低发动机颗粒排放及研究发动机颗粒排放对大气能见度的影响，具有一定的参考价值。