电力市场管制与解制程度的测度与优化策略研究

The project firstly analyzes the difference between optimization in the economic point of view and in the mathematic point of view; and the difference between Nash equilibrium and the general equilibrium, thus theoretically clarifying the relationship between the general rule of microeconomics and the specific features of power system operation.Based on that, the project formulates the trading mode of the electricity market under 100% regulation, i.e., matchmaking the power transaction according to the general equilibrium theory; and the limited competition model of the electricity utility under the partial regulation. The proposed model divides the overall electricity into two parts: one that participates in free trade and the other that doesn’t. The former, which is independent of the power network and trading modes, demonstrates the efficiency of assigning power resources whereas the latter, which undertakes adjusting the power flow along the lines and assigning the network losses, reflects the degree and strategies of the regulation in electricity market. Finally, the project strictly defines the proportion of the free-trade electricity to the overall quantity in market trading, therefore quantizing the degree of the deregulation in electricity market. The research reasonably combines the classic economic theory and the characteristics of power system operation, which bears great significance in developing scientific and rational operation mode of the electricity market.

电力市场是典型的行业市场，既要服从电力系统的运行规律、也要遵从微观经济学的一般原理，是微观经济学基本原理与电力系统运行规律相结合的产物。由于电力市场的特殊性，注定是要严格管制的市场。本项目正是针对电力市场管制与解制的程度、以及管制过程中的优化策略进行研究。首先分析了电力市场中经济学意义上的最优性和数学意义上的最优性区别，以及纳什均衡和一般均衡的区别，从理论上梳理微观经济学一般规律和电力系统运行特征之间的关系；在此基础上，构建完全管制的电力市场交易模式，即按照一般均衡原理“撮合”电力交易；以及管制与解制并存的电力市场运营模式——有限竞争市场模型；最后，对参与自由竞争部分的电力交易比例进行优化，从而量化了电力市场的解制（竞争）程度。本项目有机地结合了经济学原理和电力系统运行规律，对于电力市场的顺利开展和实施由很重要的理论和现实意义。

电力市场是典型的行业市场，既要服从电力系统的运行规律、也要遵从微观经济学的一般原理，是微观经济学基本原理与电力系统运行规律相结合的产物。由于电力市场的特殊性，注定是要严格管制的市场。本项目首先分析在电力市场中经济学意义上最优性与数学意义上最优性之间的区别，然后分析满足数学意义最优性的纳什均衡和满足经济学意义最优性的一般均衡之间的区别，最后构建电力市场的有限竞争市场模型，在此基础上确定参与自由交易部分电力的比例，并进而确定电力市场管制与解制的程度。对比最简单电力市场中纳什均衡与竞争性均衡可以发现，纳什均衡与竞争性均衡的主要区别体现在（特别是采用供应函数模拟时): 1） 市场上不存在统一的边际电价；2）市场上的收支是不平衡的；3）按照市场参与者的实际报价结算和按照边际电价结算有不同的形式。根据有限竞争市场模型，说明了不参与竞争的部分电力要满足电力系统潮流调节以及网损分配的需要，而参与竞争的部分电力与电力系统的潮流调节和网损分配没有关系，并且不受市场交易模式（双边交易或者电力库交易）的限制。通过确定电力市场双边自由交易量占总交易量的比例，为电力市场管制与解制的程度提供定量标准。