基于性能化设计的近零能耗建筑多能-储能系统协同耦合与调控机理研究

With the rapid development of science and technology, nearly zero energy buildings, a new type of green energy-saving buildings, gains worldwide attention. However，there is the lack of building performance design and cost optimization fruits for neariy zero energy consumption building, and the lack of integration and cooperation of passive priority & positive optimization strategy for nearly zero energy buildings. Hence, in the context of minimizing building energy consumption and improving the energy efficiency of building energy system, the study of the cooperative coupling mechanism of multi-energy & energy storage system based on performance design is the key to improve the performance of nearly Zero energy buildings. Adopting the method of theoretical analysis, experimental study and dynamic simulation, this project focus on the characteristic of the energy efficiency of nearly zero energy buildings, system constraint parameter quantification model and matching model, the strategy of efficient operation of the system as well as the system operation control mechanism, etc. We plan to establish multi-performance parameter optimization models which can quickly predict the indoor thermal environment and the system energy efficiency. Then, we construct the quantitative description of hot air / hot water type solar energy, ground source / air source heat pump and energy storage system coupling process, build multi-energy & energy storage system experimental platform in a nearly zero energy building, and put forward the control mode and operation strategy suitable for nearly zero energy buildings in severe cold areas. The results provide an important theoretical basis for deeper research and technology promotion for the area of nearly zero energy buildings.

随着科技的快速发展，近零能耗建筑作为新型的绿色节能建筑被世界所瞩目。然而，目前近零能耗建筑还缺乏性能化设计与成本优化等指导性成果，缺乏被动优先+主动优化策略之间的耦合协同。因此，在尽可能降低建筑能耗，提高建筑能源系统能效的背景下，进行基于性能化设计的近零能耗建筑多能-储能系统协同耦合机理研究，是提高近零能耗建筑性能的关键。本课题采用理论分析、实验研究、动态模拟的方法，围绕严寒地区近零能耗建筑多能-储能系统的能量效率特性、系统制约参数量化模型与匹配模式、系统高效运行策略、系统运行调控机理等方面开展研究，建立快速预测室内热环境与系统能效的多性能参数优化模型，构建定量描述热风式/热水式太阳能、土壤源/空气源热泵与储能系统耦合过程的理论体系，搭建近零能耗建筑多能-储能系统实验平台，提出适合严寒地区近零能耗建筑的控制模式与运行策略。该成果为深化近零能耗建筑领域的研究深度和技术推广提供重要的理论依据。

开展建筑性能化设计以及多能-储能系统协同耦合机理研究，是提高近零能耗建筑性能的关键。本项目以建筑低能耗和舒适热环境为目标，聚焦建筑体形系数、围护结构热工性能等关键设计参数，从被动式与主动式两方面开展近零能耗建筑性能化设计；利用人工神经网络方法建立近零能耗建筑能耗预测模型，结合实测与模拟数据探究近零能耗建筑负荷分布规律；研发了近零能耗建筑多能-储能耦合系统，基于数值模拟的方法探究不同内部结构及设计参数对水箱蓄放热性能的影响，开发了新型双通道空气式相变储能装置，搭建相变水箱实验平台并展开实验测试研究；提出了一种用于分析相变储能壳管式换热器流体与相变材料换热的数值方法；在开放式仿真模拟软件平台上建立热风式/热水式太阳能、土壤源/空气源热泵与相变储能系统模型。以相变储能系统为核心，建立了近零能耗建筑多能-相变储能实验平台，对光伏幕墙的利用率、双源热泵机组性能和相变储能水箱的蓄放热特性等进行分析，实验及模拟的平均相对误差为9.02%，且系统COP及温度变化趋势基本一致；结合太阳能辐射量和建筑负荷的动态变化，提取多能-储能耦合系统在不同供水温度、蓄能温度、切换温度等参数设定下的计算基础数据，进行制约参数量化模型指导下的多参数深化模拟，提出了系统节能高效的优化运行策略及匹配模式；开发了近零能耗建筑多能-储能耦合系统控制监测平台，采集建筑实际运行数据，探究建筑负荷预测与能源系统运行工况之间的联动控制机理，在此基础上研发了基于负荷预测的智能控制系统，实现近零能耗建筑的节能运行。.本项目的顺利完成为近零能耗建筑的深度研究及技术推广提供了基础理论与方法支撑。