居家养老模式下独立生活老年人居住系统构建研究

By the end of 2015, China's people aged over 60 have reached 222 million, accounting for 16.16% of the total population. Among them, independent living older people (ILOP) accounted for 50%. However, the existing residential environment, whether urban or rural, is still difficult to adapt to the needs of ILOP for their home care, moreover, the basic research related to ILOP living environment is insufficient. As a countermeasure to solve, this study proposes a theoretical hypothesis about what the Construction of a Physical Environment Support System for Independent Living Older People’s Home Care, then, in accordance with methods and procedures of generalized system theory to achieve the vision to expand 5 sub-studies gradually as following. ① Establishing Principles of the System: from a macro perspective to realize the premise of argumentation system, establishing a series of principles-based for the system; ② Setting Goals of the System: to analyze and survey the behaviour of home care for ILOP to be as the target system; ③ Developing Solutions of the System: to integrate of relevant elements of the physical environment of home care to propose system design strategy and a series of typical program. ④ Evaluation Model of the System: to build a matrix framework to collect and identify a large number of evaluation to establish quantitative assessment model and a rating scale. ⑤ Implementation of the System Theory: used the system program and the evaluation method in the design practice for positive feedback and improving the overall research. The results of this study will enrich and develop the theory of the elderly living environment, also provide an achievable way and its technical support to make better the physical environment of home care for elders and improve the quality of living of ILOP, and thus play a role in promoting the full implementation of social care service system construction.

我国有半数老年人独立生活居家养老，但现实的城乡居住环境难以适应需求，且针对性的基础研究缺位。作为建造与设计层面的解决对策，课题提出居家养老模式下构建独立生活老年人居住系统的构想，并按照广义系统理论的方法与程序为构想实现展开以下研究。①确立系统原则：从宏观角度论证系统构想的基础，确立系统构建的基本原则；②设定系统目标：分析并调查独立生活老年人的居住行为需求，以需求类型作为系统的目标体系；③制定系统方案：整合居家养老实体环境相关要素，提出系统的设计策略及典型方案；④建立评价模型：通过搭建模型框架、大量搜集并确定评价指标，建立量化评价模型并编制评价量表；⑤组织系统实施：将系统方案与评价方法应用于实际项目，实证反馈，完善课题整体研究。课题成果丰富并发展老年人居住环境理论，为改善我国居家养老实体环境，提高独立生活老年人居住质量提供方法路径与技术支撑，从而为促进社会养老服务体系建设的全面落实做出贡献。

独立生活老年人依托社区实现有质量的居家养老，是全面落实社会养老服务体系建设的关键。本课题旨在研究居家养老实体环境存在的现状问题，进而为居家养老模式下构建独立生活老年人居住系统提供设计依据。本课题全面梳理了当前国内外研究基础及未来发展需要，确立了独立生活老年人居住系统的基础与导向问题；系统分析了独立生活老年人的居住行为需求，对独立生活老年人居住环境及行为需求进行了大量的实地调查，并建立了音像数据库；首次提出了居家养老模式下构建独立生活老年人居住系统的构想，并提出了独立生活老年人居住系统设计策略；首次提出了独立生活老年人居住环境的量化评价方法，编制了独立生活老年人居住系统评价量表；结合课题研究成果，编制了行业标准及专著，为构建独立生活老年人居住系统的构想实现起示范作用。.本项目填补了针对独立生活老年人群体居住环境研究的理论空白，建立了独立生活老年人居住系统的量化评价方法，为独立生活老年人居住环境设计提供理论依据及设计策略。