智能电网环境下面向需求响应的电价机制设计及市场行为研究

The two-way interaction between the smart grid and customers will play an important role in increasing the overall efficiency of the power industry and appropriate allocation of social resources. Existing electricity price mechanisms do not match the technical characteristics of the smart grid; neither can they facilitate customer participation in the electricity market. Therefore, in this project, comprehensive studies will be carried out to investigate the problem of designing electricity price mechanisms and determining market behaviors which can be compatible with the demand response under the smart grid environment. The aim of this research is to enhance the coordination and mutual restraint between customers, power grids and government. Taking into account the technical constraints of the smart grid, a three-stage stochastic game-theoretic model will be developed based on the decision models of customers, electricity retailers and generation companies in the electric power supply chain. The time-of-use and real-time paying and rewarding price mechanisms will be proposed for both the retailing and wholesale markets. Stochastic transformation for multilevel decision making models, as well as centralized and distributed optimization techniques, are developed to solve the formulated model. The impacts of different price mechanisms on smart grid operation will be investigated; appropriate electricity market policies will be designed to commensurate with demand response. The major outcome of this research will be a theoretical framework for electricity pricing, which can promote the coordination between the smart grid and the economic-social-environmental development. The theory of mechanism design, supply chain and stochastic game and its applications will be also developed.

智能电网与终端用户的双向互动，对提高电力工业整体效率，促进全社会资源合理配置具有重要作用。现有电价机制缺乏能够合理反映智能电网技术特征尤其是促进需求响应市场运营的价格体系。为此，本项目从系统建模、计算方法、影响分析和政策安排等层面，研究智能电网环境下面向需求响应的电价机制设计及市场行为决策，实现负荷、电网和政府的相互协调和制约。考虑智能电网的技术约束，基于电力供应链上终端用户、售电和发电公司的市场博弈决策，构建用户需求响应、企业市场价格决策和政府电价规制的三阶段随机博弈模型，提出零售和批发市场的电能分时/实时价格支付和回报机制。通过设计多层优化决策的随机变换以及集中式和分布式协调计算方法，开展不同电价机制对智能电网运营的影响分析，提供适合用户需求响应市场运营的电价政策安排。研究成果有望形成促进智能电网与社会-经济-环境协调发展的电价理论体系，拓展机制设计、供应链和随机博弈理论及其应用范畴。

智能电网与终端用户的双向互动，对提高电力工业整体效率，促进全社会资源合理配置具有重要作用。现有电价机制缺乏能够合理反映智能电网技术特征尤其是促进需求响应市场运营的价格体系。为此，本项目从系统建模、计算方法、影响分析和政策安排等层面，开展智能电网环境下面向需求响应的电价机制设计及市场行为研究。主要研究内容包括：1）兼顾用电行为和电网参与的可控负荷需求响应决策；2）平抑可再生能源和考虑可控负荷需求响应的能源代理商优化决策；3）基于可控负荷需求响应的零售市场定价及批发市场报价决策；4）考虑源-网-荷-储协同的电力系统优化运行及市场调控政策设计。研究成果有望形成促进智能电网与社会经济环境协调发展的电价理论体系。.在国内外重要期刊上发表SCI论文54篇（项目负责人作为第一作者/通讯作者论文18篇，影响因子大于3.0论文30篇）、EI论文10篇、中文核心论文6篇、英文专著(含章节) 3部；授权发明专利6项、实用新型专利9项、软件著作权10项；获国际科研奖励1项、省部级科研奖励2项。考虑需求响应的集“风-光-荷-储”能源局域网协调控制技术居国际领先水平，并成功应用于大型国家/省级能源企业，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。针对中国电力市场体制改革和能源结构调整的现实问题，撰写的7项政策建议，已被国家能源局、省电力交易中心、省物价局等部委采纳，直接推动6项电力市场改革文件出台，并得到多位国家/省部级领导人批示。