Microglial over-activation plays a pivotal role in the evolution of septic encephalopathy. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), which is constitutively expressed on macrophages, induce macrophages recruited into the inflammatory foci and chemokine production. S1PR3 is expressed on microglia; however, its role on the regulation of microglia and septic encephalopathy remain unknown. In our pilot studies, it has been demonstrated that, S1PR3 transcription level is remarkably elevated after LPS treatment. Administration of S1PR3 antagonist could down-regulate the pro-inflammatory mediators, while S1PR3 agonist have the opposite effect. Therefore, we hypothesize that S1PR3 is involved in the initiation and development of septic encephalopathy via modulating microglial activation and promoting inflammatory response. From the systemic, cellular and molecular levels, the present project plans to answer whether S1PR3 could regulate microglial activation and inflammation, and thereby affect the develpoment of septic encephalopathy and the occurrence of cognitive impairment. Further, we try to clarify that ERK1/2-EGR-1 is one of the molecular mechanisms of S1PR3 mediated microglial activation. Thus, the purpose of this project is to illuminate the role of S1PR3 in the initiation and development of septic encephalopathy, which would provide new targets in the prevention and management of septic encephalopathy.
小胶质细胞过度激活导致的炎症反应在脓毒性脑病的发生发展中具有重要作用。表达于外周巨噬细胞表面的S1PR3可促进巨噬细胞向炎症部位的募集和趋化因子的释放;S1PR3也表达于小胶质细胞,但对小胶质细胞功能的调节及在脓毒性脑病发病中的作用尚不清楚。我们前期发现小胶质细胞LPS刺激后S1PR3 基因表达水平上调;S1PR3拮抗剂能抑制小胶质细胞炎症因子的产生,S1PR3激动剂则上调其炎症因子水平。因此我们推测:S1PR3通过激活小胶质细胞,上调炎症反应,促进脓毒性脑病的发生发展。本项目拟从整体、细胞、分子水平探讨S1PR3在脓毒性脑病发病过程中,通过调控脑内小胶质细胞激活、介导脑内炎症反应,进而对神经元产生影响,参与脓毒性脑损伤及认知障碍的发生发展;并进一步阐明S1PR3通过ERK1/2- EGR-1通路调节小胶质细胞的激活,从而阐述S1PR3在脓毒症、脓毒性脑病炎症损伤防治方面的意义。
脓毒性脑病是感染后全身炎症反应所致的弥漫性大脑功能障碍以及意识改变,是脓毒症的常见并发症之一,也是导致重症监护室(ICU)患者死亡的重要原因,伴随以白细胞浸润、神经元细胞变性坏死、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞激活为标志的炎症反应。其中星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统胶质细胞的主要组成部分,对神经元的存活具有重要作用,而在病理条件下,星形胶质细胞异常活跃,其变化对神经元存活的影响具有两面性,通过干预来调控星形胶质细胞的反应,可为脓毒性脑病的治疗研究提供关键依据。文献报道小鼠LPS腹腔注射建模可诱发明显的脑内炎症和神经行为学改变,比较接近临床脓毒症标准。我们研究发现LPS可诱导星形胶质细胞S1PR3受体表达上调,S1PR3受体参与LPS致炎小鼠脑内星形胶质细胞增生活化以及炎症因子的表达。此外S1PR3受体抑制剂促进LPS致炎小鼠神经功能的恢复,减轻海马以及皮层区神经元损伤及丢失,抑制脑内小胶质细胞激活与星形胶质细胞增生,并且改善血脑屏障通透性,减轻脑内炎症因子表达,以上发现证实S1PR3受体拮抗剂对LPS诱导脑内炎症具有神经保护作用。在原代培养的星形胶质细胞,LPS可诱导星形胶质细胞增殖活化,并呈现一定的时间变化规律,S1PR3 siRNA可以有效抑制LPS诱导的星形胶质细胞S1PR3表达,并且S1PR3 siRNA以及抑制剂可抑制LPS诱导的星形胶质细胞增殖活化以及炎症因子的释放。但在CLP模型,S1PR3基因敲除小鼠较野生型小鼠生存率降低,组织损伤加重,炎症因子表达上调;而S1PR3 特异性激动剂 KRX-725 改善脓毒症小鼠生存率。同时在LPS致急性肺损伤小鼠,S1PR3拮抗剂可有效降低全身炎症反应。对于这些结果的差异性以及具体机制仍需要进一步研究。同时本项目研究也做了相应延伸,明确体外环境抑制GPR17受体表达可通过调节小胶质细胞活化来减轻神经元损伤。本项目研究为S1PR3受体在脓毒症以及脓毒性脑病治疗中的应用提供新的理论依据。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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