柑橘大实蝇成虫产卵前期的迁移与觅食行为的协同关系研究

Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a destructive herbivorous insect of citrus, Citrus L. (Rutaceae). The host range is mostly restricted to wild and cultivated species of citrus in China. As a result of the limitation of research techniques such as insect harmonic radar technology, the habitatand food sources of adults at the pre-oviposition period is poorly known, its forecast methods and control technology are relatively ineffective. Based on the migration of Kennedy's view, Using the technology of insect harmonic radar and so on, by method of the electronic tag - release - tracking, etc, some are investigated that the migratory behaviour of adults between orange garden (emergence sites) and habitats near orange garden, foraging behaviour of adults and the preference of adults to food sources within the habitats, testifing the preference of adults to feeding natural food sources. The objective of this study was to clarify or explain synergic relationships between migratory behaviour and foraging behaviour of adults Chinese citrus fly, namely that firstly early emergence adults at the pre-oviposition period migrate from orange garden (emergence sites) to habitats near orange garden, then foraging within the habitats, and to find the locations of the habitats, the kinds and locations of its food sources to be fed with adults. After the implementation of this project, It is a theoretical and practical significance to some types similar to the citrus fruit fly pest forecast and integrated with the development and application. At the same, this study have also provided a novel understanding of the animal behavior mechanism of ecology, behavioral ecology.

柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax是主要分布于我国的柑橘类重要害虫。由于缺乏有效研究手段如昆虫谐波雷达技术，对其成虫在产卵前期阶段的生境和食物问题仅有零星且模糊的认识，严重影响该害虫的预测预报和综合治理技术的开发和应用。 本项目依据Kennedy的迁移观点，拟利用昆虫谐波雷达跟踪等技术手段，采用电子标签-释放-跟踪等方法，通过对成虫从羽化地点离开到附近生境之间的迁移运动行为、成虫在生境内觅食运动行为和对食物的偏好性、以及成虫对天然食物源取食的实证的研究，阐明柑橘大实蝇的成虫在产卵前期阶段从橘园羽化后离开到迁移到附近生境的，然后在生境内觅食行为的协同关系，找到成虫在产卵前期阶段的生境位置和食物的种类和地点。 本项目实施后，对柑橘大实蝇的乃至迁移行为类似的害虫的预测预报和综合治理技术的开发和应用具有理论和实践意义，同时将为理解和解释生态学中动物的行为机制、行为的生态学意义提供新的例证。

柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax是主要分布于我国的柑橘类重要害虫。由于对其初羽化的成虫迁移行为及其机理仅有零星且模糊的认识，严重影响该害虫的预测预报和综合治理技术的开发和应用。本项目深入研究了成虫从羽化地点到附近生境之间迁移的路线、成虫在生境内觅食运动行为和对食物的偏好性、以及成虫对天然食物源取食的实证。结果表明，在典型丘陵地貌或称斑块型橘园环境中（橘园的面积低于10亩），在柑橘园的初羽化的成虫，为了寻找食物，离开柑橘园迁移到柑橘园附近环境中；首先初羽化的成虫依赖嗅觉寻找到中国板栗Castanea mollissima，然后通过嗅觉或视觉等器官找到中国板栗雄花花序，并在其上取食花蜜，补充板栗雄花花序食物能够满足其成虫存活和繁殖的营养需求，进一步表明即其成虫的栖息生境和天然寄主食物地点在柑橘园附近环境中（如森林），中国板栗雄花序花蜜是其成虫的天然寄主食物之一；便携式昆虫谐波雷达对在橘园和森林中柑橘大实蝇扩散行为能够进行有效跟踪；初羽化的成虫起飞活动高峰上午在9:00-10:00，下午在16:00-17:00 时，成虫降落在橘树上的东南、东北、西南、西北4 个方位面上成虫数量均没有明显偏向性，但85.5% 成虫喜欢停留在橘树上部位置。通过研究，基本上明确了柑橘大实蝇成虫迁移行为和机理：在典型丘陵地貌或称斑块型橘园环境中（橘园的面积低于10亩），柑橘大实蝇迁移规律类似Johnson Ⅱ迁移类型，即在柑橘园中初羽化的柑橘大实蝇成虫，为了寻找食物，离开柑橘园迁移到柑橘园附近环境中取食（如中国板栗雄花序花蜜）和使体内卵巢发育成熟，间隔一段时间后，受产卵刺激，它们又迁移向柑橘园产卵，才能繁殖新的一代。本项目实施后，对柑橘大实蝇的乃至迁移行为类似的害虫的预测预报和综合治理技术的开发和应用具有理论和实践意义，同时将为理解和解释生态学中动物的行为机制、行为的生态学意义及进化意义提供新的例证。