板栗挥发物对柑橘大实蝇的引诱作用及其调控行为研究

Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a destructive herbivorous insect of citrus, Citrus L. (Rutaceae). The host range is mostly restricted to wild and cultivated species of citrus in China. As a result of those volatile organic compound (VOC ) to orientation attract firstly early emergence adults Chinese citrus fly are not known, This will result (1) that these attractants little trap to the adult Chinese citrus fly at the time，and (2) that there is a lag phenomenon in its predicted time than in actual time on the field, its forecasting accuracy and control effect are relatively ineffective. This project is carried out on the basis of those it is first discovered and confirmed that Chinese chestnut male inflorescence is one of foods to firstly early emergence adult citrus fruit fly. Using the technology of portable insect harmonic radar, and so on, some are investigated on collection and identification of Chinese chestnut main volatiles, screening volatiles attractive to firstly early emergence adult citrus fruit fly, and its ecological regulating behavior. The objective of this study is to screen attractive to firstly early emergence adult citrus fruit fly and to explain its ecological regulating behavior. After the implementation of this project, it is a theoretical and practical significance to Diptera similar to Citrus fruit fly to forecast, integrated with the development and application. At the same, this study has also provided a novel understanding of insect behavioral mechanism, co-evolution between plants and insects.

柑橘大实蝇是主要分布于我国的柑橘类重要害虫。由于未获得对初羽化的柑橘大实蝇成虫具有引诱活性的化合物，因而在目前应用的食物引诱剂中缺少这类化合物，导致这些引诱剂（1）很少诱集到初羽化的该成虫和（2）其预测时间比田间实际发生时间上明显滞后性现象，严重影响该害虫预测预报准确性和防治效果。本项目是在首次发现和证实了中国板栗雄花花序是初羽化的柑橘大实蝇成虫的食物之一的基础上进行的。拟利用便携式昆虫谐波雷达跟踪等技术手段，通过对中国板栗挥发物主要组成成份收集、鉴定和其引诱活性化合物的筛选，以及引诱活性化合物对柑橘大实蝇的生态调控行为研究，筛选出对初羽化该成虫具有引诱行为功能的化合物；并阐明这些化合物对初羽化该成虫的生态调控行为。项目的研究结果，将对柑橘大实蝇乃至双翅目昆虫的预测预报、可持续控制技术研发具有理论和实践意义，同时将为理解和解释生态学中昆虫的行为机制、植物与昆虫之间协同进化提供新的例证。

柑橘大实蝇是主要分布于我国的柑橘类重要害虫。由于未获得对其初羽化的该成虫具有引诱活性的化合物，因而在目前应用的食物引诱剂中缺少这类化合物，导致这些引诱剂（1）很少诱集到初羽化的该成虫和（2）其预测时间比田间实际发生时间上明显滞后性现象，严重影响该害虫预测预报准确性和防治效果。本文采用EAG反应、Y形嗅觉仪、室内蚊帐诱捕法、田间诱捕法等技术和方法对板栗挥发物对柑橘大实蝇的引诱作用及其调控行为进行研究。.结果表明，（1）柑橘大实蝇成虫的趋光率与复眼、日龄、性别和光照强度均有关系，其中复眼的作用最明显。在简单光环境下，成虫对紫色光表现出显著趋性，在复杂光环境下，成虫对黄色光和近红外光表现出显著趋性。（2）初羽化的成虫对14种板栗挥发物之间的EAG反应存在极显著差异；其成虫对柠檬烯的EAG反应相对值最高2.060，对戊醛的触角电位反应值最低0.455。柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、苯乙酸甲酯、异丁醛、芳樟醇、β-石竹烯和苯乙醛7种化合物对初羽化的成虫具有显著或极显著的引诱作用；戊醛、乙偶姻、乙酸芳樟酯和水杨酸甲酯4种化合物对成虫表现出显著或极显著的驱避作用；壬醛对雌成虫具有极显著的驱避作用，对雄虫具有极显著的引诱作用。（3）在12个最优混配化合物配方中，N4、N6、N7、N8、N9、N12对该成虫表现出显著或极显著的引诱作用。配方N6对柑橘大实蝇1日龄和3日龄成虫室内引诱率分别为22%和43%，引诱效果最佳。诱球+配方N9对该成虫的田间相对引诱率最高，为14.5 %，并显著高于诱球+清水（CK）对该成虫的田间相对引诱率（6.8 %）。.项目的研究结果，明确了这些化合物对初羽化的柑橘大实蝇成虫的具有生态调控行为。将对柑橘大实蝇乃至双翅目昆虫的预测预报、可持续控制技术研发具有理论和实践意义，同时将为理解和解释生态学中昆虫的行为机制、植物与昆虫之间协同进化提供新的例证。