不同民族林地利用的福利理论和价值计量方法比较研究:以云南地区为例

Aboriginal People in China have the same rights to maintain and protect their way of living as the rights of people belonging to any other culture. However,current forest land use and management policies did not consider the special needs from Aboriginal people. One of the main reasons is the difficulty in valuation of Aboriginal people’s land use activities. The main characteristiecs of Aboriginal land use activites is that many of these activities take place outside the market-based economic context. Aboriginal people’s resource allocation decisions for these activities are based on cultural and social signals and not on market signals. Thus, the existing market based valuation methods are not sensitive to the basic feature of Aboriginal culture and rights. In this study, we propose a new and innovative valuation method based on individual and social welfare analysis. Our theoretical framework is based on van Praag’s welfare theory, also known as the Leyden School Theory. By applying this method, we can compare the welfare structure between different ethnic groups, and we can further value the welfare of land use activities in a monetary scale. The main purpose of this project is to develop decision support tools to help decision makers assess the value of land use activities among different ethinic groups, and evaluate economic impacts of forest resource development project. Yunnan is a multi-ethnic group province in China. There are 52 ethnic minorities in Yunnan and 25 of them have a population greater than 5000. Their traditional way of living is highly dependent on forest land and other natural resources. We will conduct our empirical research in different ethnic groups in Yunnan province. This project will include four parts: (1) conceptualization of welfare structures and identify the two-layer multi-domian satisfaction model for different ethnic groups in Yunnan; (2) Identify Aboriginal land use activities and the determination of their measurement unit. Developi the individial welfare function and social welfare function for different ethnic groups, respectively; (3) Valuation of Aboriginal land use activities and compare the difference between ethnic groups.; (4) Assess the economic impacts of forest resource development projects and develop different forest management scenarios. In summary, this project will help to develop and apply a valuation method that is consistent with multi-ethnic culture and rights and understandable by representatives of governments, industries, and Aboriginal organizations.

中国有众多的森林资源分布在少数民族地区，少数民族的社会福利和生产生活方式与森林资源的利用紧密相关。中国目前以林木市场价值为标准的评估方法忽视了少数民族传统文化背景下森林资源的价值，统一的林业管理政策未能体现少数民族在森林资源管理中独特的作用。其主要原因是缺乏有序、定量、能标准化衡量多民族地区不同文化特色的林地利用价值评估工具。少数民族的传统文化和林地管理活动具有与森林资源可持续发展相同的理念。少数民族的林地利用活动和资源配置不仅基于市场信号，同时也受文化和社会传统信号影响，因此传统的基于市场交换的价值评估法在评价少数民族时不准确。本研究以多领域福利理论模型为基础，提出以福利效用为计量标准的新评估方法，通过对不同林地利用活动中个人福利和社会福利函数的构建，将不同文化价值体系下多民族林地利用活动价值标准化。研究将调研云南地区不同民族的林地利用和福利状况，构筑云南多民族地区林地价值福利分布图。