基于动态散斑测量技术的锚杆载荷可视化数字成像研究

According to the widespread problems of anchor load measurement in the coal mine supporting, the distribution of tray surface strain under different bearing condition was studied and the dynamic evolution process of its stress field was analyzed based on the digital speckle dynamic & fast measurement technology. The mechanical model that expresses the relationship between tray’s strain field and anchor rod load was established to reveal the mechanical mechanism between them. Using numerical simulation software to quantitative measure, analysis and 3D reconstruction of the tray’s 3D physical field, then real-time holographic image of bolt bearing can be got. The rapid reconstruction technology of bolt load based on the tray three-dimensional strain field was put forward to actualize the image display of bolt bearing. The results will have an important practical guiding significance for solving the widely existing technical defects in the traditional bolt load measurement method and it will be widely used in the future.

围绕煤矿支护中广泛存在的锚杆载荷测量难题，依托数字散斑动态快速测量技术，研究不同承载条件下锚杆托盘表面应变分布特征，分析锚杆托盘表面应力场的动态演化过程，建立托盘应变场与锚杆杆体载荷之间关系的力学模型，揭示托盘表面应变与锚杆轴向载荷的力学作用机理，并采用数值模拟软件对托盘三维物场进行定量测量、分析和三维重构，得到锚杆承载的实时全息图像，建立基于锚杆托盘三维应变场的锚杆承载快速重构技术，实现锚杆承载的图像显示。这将对解决传统锚杆载荷测量方法中广泛存在的技术弊端具有重要的实践指导意义，应用前景广泛。

围绕煤矿支护中广泛存在的锚杆载荷测量难题，构建了托盘承载性能数字散斑三维全场应力应变精确测量分析系统平台，建立了锚杆托盘简化力学模型，对球面拱形托盘、抛物面拱形托盘、锥面拱形托盘等三种典型托盘类型，进行了受力、变形的理论分析和计算，为托盘变形反算载荷提供了理论基础。用ANSYS有限元数值软件开展不同因素影响下托盘表面应力-应变演化规律研究，深入研究锚杆托盘形状、托盘尺寸、承受载荷等因素变化时托盘表面应变动态分布特征，分析托盘表面三维应变的变化规律，建立基于锚杆托盘三维应变场的锚杆承载快速重构技术，项目在小保当一号矿井开展了煤矿现场工程实验工作，效果良好。这将对解决传统锚杆载荷测量方法中广泛存在的技术弊端具有重要的实践指导意义，应用前景广泛。