植物生态护坡和生态护岸及河流冲刷力发电消能护岸研究

In the measures to prevent soil loss, slope deformation and failure of riverbank induced by rainfall and hydraulic scouring force, bio-engineering stabilization of riverbank by vegetated reinforcement is more economical and environment friendly. However, vegetated reinforcement has some limits, i.e., it needs time to play a role, it can only stabilize shallow slope soil, and it needs regular water irrigation (it is a problem in dry riverbank area). Hydro-power is normally generated by a high water head with a dam; however, this is facing problems such as insufficient utility of high water head, environment protection and international river conflict when building a dam. .In this proposal, laboratory test, model test, in-situ test and theoretical analyses are conducted. Vegetated reinforcement such as vegetative dams at the riverbank foot is studied. Study is also performed on how to uplift river water to irrigate plants on the slope. The progressive deformation and stability analysis methods are studied via hydraulic mechanic in combination with soil mechanic, for vegetated riverbank protection from rainfall and hydraulic scouring forces under varying rainfall density, river flow velocity and water elevation, etc. The research result will help to reduce the defection of traditional dam-based big hydro-power engineering, to bio-reinforce the riverbank, and to generate small hydro-power industry like wind-power style. This proposal is a special issue of geo-environmental engineering, bio-ecological engineering and new energy engineering, with economic, social, environmental, ecological benefits, new energy and great importance of scientific research and engineering application in the future.

在防治降雨和河流冲刷导致的岸坡水土流失、坡土滑移和崩岸的工程措施中，植物生态护坡和生态护岸技术表现出良好的经济性和环境生态性。但是，植物护坡存在着固坡的滞后性、功能的局限性、特别是干热河谷“看着河流不能灌溉生态岸坡”的问题；目前大多水电站弃水严重，高水头不能被充分利用来发电，还面临环境保护、国际化河流筑坝等问题。为此本项目拟通过室内试验、模型试验、原型试验和理论计算，研究生态岸坡坡脚的植物顺坝和植物短丁坝生态护岸与消能护岸、利用河流微水电提水灌溉岸坡植被促进生态护坡的理论和技术，研究不同降雨强度、河流流速、河流水位作用下生态岸坡渐进变形和冲刷破坏的计算方法。研究成果可帮助实现生态护坡、生态护岸和消能护岸，是环境岩土工程、生态工程和新能源工程交叉结合的新专题，具有重要的社会、经济、环保及科学研究意义和工程应用价值。

水土保持领域公认植物是天然的工程师，但目前边坡规范仅把植物防护作为滑坡防治的一种美化。在防治降雨和河流冲刷导致的岸坡水土流失、坡土滑移和崩岸的工程措施中，植物生态护坡和生态护岸技术表现出良好的经济性和环境生态性。但是，植物护坡和生态护岸存在着固坡的滞后性、功能局限性的问题，蒸腾蒸发、力学加筋及优势流（EMS-evapotranspiration,mechanical reinforcement,preferential seepage）的综合作用尚无定论，植物护坡应用研究大多考虑植物根系的力学加筋作用，复杂的水力作用还无法定量考虑。为此通过综合分析植物生态护坡和生态护岸及消能护岸的研究意义、国内外研究现状及发展动态，开展了生态护坡、生态护岸与消能护岸的模型和原型试验及植物护坡的新型模型试验技术研究，研究生态护坡、生态护岸与消能护岸的理论和技术，开展生态岸坡渐进变形和破坏的一维解析及二维有限元数值计算，包括植物护坡的根系力学加筋机理研究、植物护坡的降雨入渗和蒸腾蒸发试验研究、土质岸坡和植被岸坡的稳定性分析研究、植物护坡的降雨入渗与滑移破坏的计算分析等，以便为工程应用提供明确指导。本项目研究成果在合作单位的支持下在某水库下游岸坡生态防治中进行了应用示范，在某河岸生态护坡和生态护岸中进行了应用示范（已经写进专著）并获得科技奖励。研发的碾压式透水混凝土型的聚氨酯固化碎石消能护岸新技术，有望在合作单位的努力下，在成都市府河黄龙溪段进行示范应用。利用植物生态护坡、生态护岸和消能护岸，增强边坡和岸坡的容灾性，改进工程实践，符合国家的“十三五”发展规划，研究成果可帮助实现生态护坡、生态护岸和消能护岸，是环境岩土工程、生态环境工程交叉结合的新专题，具有重要的社会、经济、环保及科学研究意义和工程应用价值。