石墨烯基纳米复合材料的绿色合成及其光催化降解有机染料的研究

The environmental pollution was increasingly serious with the global development of the industrialization process in the 21st century, control and treatment of environmental pollution has become a major problems facing the human society. Semiconductor photocatalysts can use solar energy to achieve energy conversion and degradation of pollutants, so the research of semiconductor photocatalyst has very important practical significance to solve the energy and pollution problems. This project aims to develop a new type of graphene/semiconductor nanocomposite materials for the degradation of dye waste water. This project intends to modify semiconductor materials (such as, titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide etc.) with graphene oxide, thus to reduce the recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pair in nanocomposite photocatalyst, enlarge the light response range and improve the photocatalytic efficiency of the catalyst. Ultimately obtained one kinds of new graphene based nanocomposites that can degradate dyes under visible light or without light. Through the research, we want to development a new production process and preparation method with simple, low cost, environmentally friendly, high reproducibility which are suitable for large scale industrial processes, and provide the experimental basis and theoretical guidance for dealing with the dye waste water pollution.

进入21世纪以来，随着全球工业化进程的发展，环境污染的日益严重，环境污染的控制与治理已经成为人类社会面临的亟待解决的重大问题。半导体光催化剂能够利用太阳能实现能量转化和污染物降解，因此光催化技术的研究对于解决能源、污染问题具有重要的现实意义。本项目研究目标为开发新型石墨烯基纳米复合材料，用于染料废水的降解。本项目拟通过对半导体材料(二氧化钛、硫化镉等)与氧化石墨烯进行复合改性，降低半导体催化剂中光生电子-空穴对的复合率、提高催化剂的光响应范围而获得高的光催化效率的纳米复合材料。最终要获得能够在可见光甚至是无光条件下降解染料的新型复合材料。通过本项目研究，开发一种操作简单，成本低廉，环境友好，可重复性高，适合大规模工业化的生产工艺及制备方法，为染料废水污染的处理问题提供实验基础及理论指导。

半导体光催化技术因其在清洁、可再生能源和环境污染治理方面的潜在应用成为当前研究的热点。光的有效利用是光催化剂研究中一个具有挑战性的问题，因此可见光催化剂的开发是光催化研究领域的热点。将光催化剂与二维材料、窄带隙半导体以及金属纳米粒子等进行复合，是提高半导体光催化剂光催化效率的有效途径。为了对有机污染物进行有效地降解，我们采用简单易行的方法制备了g-C3N4/MoS2/RGO, N, S-GQDs/RGO/TiO2, meso-TiO2/RGO/CdS, Bi2WO6/MoS2/RGO等一系列三元高效的可见光催化剂。在三元纳米复合材料中，组分间的协同作用，提升了光催化剂整体的性能。其中，RGO可以作为电子俘获器件，它能促进光生电荷的转移。窄带隙半导体纳米粒子也可以增加对可见光的吸收，从而有效地增加光催化性能。我们的工作为制备高性能三元半导体纳米复合光催化剂提供了新的思路，在环境保护方面拓宽了石墨烯基复合材料的应用范围。