温室环境作物生长模型与环境优化调控

By taking solar greenhouse and muti-span greenhouse,typical greenhouse crops as study objects, the interaction relationship of multi-factors in the crop-environment-facility system is investigated in this proposal. The selected crops are tomato and lettuce because that tomato is a typical fruit vegetable and lettuce is a typical leaf vegetable. The growth model and the nutrient absorption-assignment model of crops are established according to the biology mechanism of crops. The greenhouse environment factor dynamic model is also established using the principles of energy balance and material balance. A standard modulation model database, including typical crops, various constructions of glasshouse and geographical area, is established to solve the lack of universal and quantitative models for greenhouse environmental parameters and crop. A decoupling approach of crop and environment parameters will be investigated based on two different time scale models. A low cost detection method for the greenhouse crop growth information is to be proposed. This proposal explores the new path of feedback control based on the crop physiology real demand. A multi-objective optimization regulating method for greenhouse climate, soil water and nutrient conditions will be put forward. An intelligent greenhouse environment control system based on the crop growth information will be developed and an intelligence comprehensive glasshouse environment control theory system will be established. It breaks through the bottleneck that the greenhouse environment was controlled only according to the information of environment factors and experience knowledge of users at home and abroad.　The intelligent greenhouse environment control system will realizes the control objects of efficient, high yield, energy conservation, economizing water and saving fertilizer.

本项目以日光温室和连栋温室、设施栽培果菜和叶菜类典型作物番茄和生菜为对象，研究植物-环境-设施系统多因子互作关系，建立基于生物学机理的作物生长模型和养分吸收分配模型，以能量平衡和物质平衡为基础的温室环境因子动态模型，形成典型作物、不同温室结构和地理区域等标准模块化模型数据库，解决缺乏具有普适性、定量化的环境和作物模型的问题；研究作物与环境两个不同时间尺度模型的解耦方法，提出温室作物生长信息的低成本检测方法，探索按作物生理过程真实需求进行反馈控制的新途径；提出温室气候和水肥环境的多目标优化调控方法，创制基于作物生长信息的温室环境智能控制系统。形成温室综合环境智能调控理论体系，突破国内外通常只依据环境因子信息和经验知识进行温室环境控制的瓶颈，实现高效、高产、节能、节水、节肥的温室环境智能控制。

针对国内在温室环境调控方法的基础研究滞后，缺乏具有普适性、定量化的环境和作物模型，无法按作物真实需求进行环境优化控制等问题。以典型的日光温室和连栋温室、设施栽培典型作物番茄和生菜为对象，研究并取得了以下主要结果：①建立了作物生长模型和养分吸收与分配模型、产量预测和生长评价模型，模型更具机理性和反映生长全过程。②构建了典型作物、典型温室结构和执行机构、地理区域的环境因子动态模型库，解决了目前温室环境模型缺乏系统性和普适性的问题。③研究了作物-环境-设施系统多因子之间的互作关系，提出了作物与环境时间尺度的解耦方法，解决了作物生长模型和环境因子动态模型之间在时间尺度上的不一致性、及模型之间的分解和协调问题。④发明了番茄和生菜氮磷钾营养、水分、冠幅、株高、茎粗、果实直径等作物生长信息实时快速检测的方法，解决了在设施栽培复杂环境下作物营养、水分、长势等众多信息的原位、连续、准确、快速检测难题。⑤研究了作物生长参数与水肥、气象环境因子的模糊关系及生长信息评价，提出了基于作物生长信息的温室气候与水肥环境多目标优化控制方法，突破了目前国内外温室环境控制只依据环境因子信息进行控制的局限性，具有传统经验方法不可替代的重要作用。⑥发明了多种母液、浓度、酸碱度在线动态、精确调配方法，解决了营养液组分的动态调控的难题，能同时适应温室多品种、多灌区的营养液供应。⑦创制了滑轨式、悬轨式和自走式作物生长信息在线检测装备3类，和营养液自动灌溉施肥机3种、适合规模化设施园艺无线传感器网络1套、通用型温室环境控制器1种，实现了温室低成本、精确全面的作物生长和环境信息的实时检测和精确调控。.在国内外核心刊物上发表学术论文49 篇，其中19 篇被SCI、EI 收录；授权发明专利23件，授权实用新型专利2件；申请PCT国际发明专利17件；完成计算机软件著作权登记6件；通过部级科技成果鉴定3项。.