气候变化和森林管理对红壤丘陵区森林生态系统结构与功能的影响研究

The influence of climate change and managemental approaches on structure and function of forest ecosystem has become a focal area of global warming effects and human mitigation strategies research in the international scientific community. This work will take the Red Soil Hilly Region (RSHR) in South China as study region, to investigate the coupled effects of climate change and magamental approaches on structure and fuction of forest ecosystem. The major research methodology will intergrate the ecological models at tree, gap and landscape scale, to say PnET-II、LANDIS-II and APACK models. Major research contents including: (1) the structure and function dynamics on forest ecosystem derived by climate change and managemental approaches, where structure dynamics will illustrated at tree, age and landscape scale, and function including aboveground net primary product (ANPP)，biomass and carbon storage; (2) Constrative study will be performed considering the response of structure and function on forest ecosystem derived by climate change and managemental approaches. Considering forest types in the study region, natural forest, secondary forest, man-made forest and degraded forest will be selected; and (3) to extrapolate the structure and function on forest ecosystem under climate change and managemental approaches scenarios in the future. On scientific dimension, this project will deepen the research methodlogogy on how to study structure and function on forest ecosystem under climate change and managemental approaches. While on pratical dimension, the results of this study will provide the basis for climate change adaption, structure optimization, function promotion, and regional orientation management suitable to RSHR in South China.

选择气候变化和森林管理对森林生态系统影响的研究视角，以我国南方红壤丘陵区植被类型多样的赣江中上游为研究区，综合采用以空间直观景观模型为核心的树种-林窗-景观森林生态系统模型（PnET-II、LANDIS-II和APACK），研究：（1）气候变化和不同森林管理方式下研究区森林生态系统的结构与功能变化，其中结构包括树种结构、年龄结构、景观结构，功能包括地表净初级生产力、生物量、碳储量等方面；（2）选择研究区典型森林类型区（原始/次生林、人工林、退化林），对比不同森林类型对气候变化和森林管理方式在结构和功能等方面的响应差异；（3）预估未来气候变化和森林采伐多情景下不同森林生态系统结构与功能变化趋势及表征特征。通过上述研究在科学层面构建气候变化和森林管理对区域生态系统变化影响的研究方法，实践上为我国南方红壤丘陵区生态系统适应气候变化、结构优化和功能提升、区域差别化森林精细管理措施制定提供科学参考。

本项目选择了我国南方红壤丘陵区植被类型多样的赣江中上游为研究区，采用PnET-II、LANDIS-II等模型探讨了土地利用和气候变化对赣江中上游森林生态系统的影响，研究了：（1）气候变化和不同森林管理方式下研究区森林生态系统的结构与功能变化，其中结构包括树种结构、年龄结构、景观结构，功能包括地表净初级生产力、生物量、碳储量等方面；（2）选择研究区典型森林类型区（原始/次生林、人工林、退化林），对比了不同森林类型对气候变化和森林管理方式在结构和功能等方面的响应差异；（3）未来气候变化和森林采伐多情景下不同森林生态系统结构与功能变化趋势及表征特征。本项目基于RS、GIS以及生态模型完成了从流域尺度、景观尺度再到林分尺度上的森林结构、生态系统服务、生态系统过程及功能评估，并提出了我国南方红壤丘陵区森林生态系统功能提升与结构优化建议。研究结果满足了我国南方地区社会经济发展对森林多种功能需求，强化与完善了森林可持续经营管理政策提供科学依据。