土地垂直空间异质性对生态系统服务的影响与权衡机制

This project major focuses on ecosystem services and its trade-off derived by land use change, especially on vertical spectrum. Xiaojiang basin of Hengduan Mountains, where the vertical characteristics on land use and ecosystem are very typical at South-east China, was selected as study area. Modelling approaches used in this project includes, Agent Based Modelling for land use change, InVEST for ecosystem services assessment, and statistical method for trade-off analysis on ecosystem services. Following contents will be investigated: (1) Characteristics on vertical heterogeneity as well as its driving mechanism, including spatial pattern of land use on vertical spectrum, driving factors to land use change as well as ABM based land use change modeling. (2) Assessment and trade-off on ecosystem services, including InVEST method based approach on ecosystem services assessment, and statistical method based approach on trade-off on ecosystem services. And (3) Optimization recommendation on land use and ecosystem services at Xiaojiang basin, including scenarios analysis on land use and ecosystem services, considering eco-protection oriented, economic development oriented and business as normal. On scientific dimension, this project strives for establishing the method land use change derived ecosystem services and its trade-off derived on vertical spectrum. And on practical dimension, results from this project will give scientific support for land use pattern optimization and ecosystem services promotion.

选择土地垂直空间异质性对区域生态系统服务影响和权衡机制的研究视角，以横断山区小江流域为研究区，采用考虑自然地理条件和人类选择的多主体土地利用变化模拟模型（ABM）、以生物物理算法为基础的生态系统服务评估模型（InVEST）和以统计分析为基础的生态服务权衡方法，研究小江流域：（1）土地垂直空间异质性表征和驱动机制，包括不同垂直带谱上的土地利用空间结构、驱动要素及其基于多主体模型的土地利用变化模拟；（2）结合野外实验观测，对比分析土地垂直空间异质性对不同类型生态系统服务的影响及权衡机制；（3）预估未来经济发展和生态保护多情景下土地垂直空间异质性对生态系统服务的影响和优化。通过上述研究在科学层面构建土地垂直空间异质性对生态系统服务影响及权衡机制的研究方法，实践上为我国横断山区土地结构优化和生态系统服务功能提升提供科学参考。

土地空间异质性是地理要素最为基本的规律之一，在山地地区其垂直异质性则更为明显。本项目以此为研究视角，选择横断山区小江流域为研究区，开展了土地利用垂直异质性及其生态系统服务响应研究。具体包括：（1）基于遥感影像解译分析土地利用变化与垂直异质性，并结合问卷调查构建了多主体土地利用模型（ABM）、模拟了小江流域铜都镇土地变化机制及未来不同情景下变化。（2）基于广泛应用的生态系统服务评估模型（InVEST）模拟了四种服务，分析了其空间分布及其在垂直方向上的变化。（3）在划分垂直带谱的基础上，通过统计分析量化了生态系统服务权衡关系，并分析了其垂直空间异质性。（4）构建了未来不同情景，模拟了不同情景下土地利用及生态系统服务，并提出相关对策。该研究能为我国山区国土空间规划和生态功能整体提升提供科学依据。