海洋光学玻璃曲面上仿生超疏水表面的构建及其防雾机理研究

As the marine environment is extremely moist and the climate is changeable, the fogging phenomenon often occurs on the curved glass surface of marine optical instruments. This will directly lead to the failure of the observation of the target of the marine optical instruments. Although people have taken a lot of antifogging measures, the antifogging problem on the marine optical glass surface especially on the curved glass surface still hasn’t been effectively solved until today. In this project, aiming at the fogging phenomenon occurring on the curved glass surface of marine optical glass, we proposed to construct bionic superhydrophobic antifogging structures on its surface to solve this problem. At first, the physical model of bionic structures on curved substrate will be built, and the wetting property will be analyzed using Cassie theory, and further to elucidate the antifogging mechanism. Secondly，the bionic superhydrophobic antifogging surface will be constructed on the curved glass substrates by using photolithography, soft lithography, and the new type sol-gel material. Finally, the effective antifogging results on the curved glass substrates will be achieved by adjusting the geometry parameters of the bionic structures. The combined use of soft lithography and the new type sol-gel material is expected to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to fabricate and transfer the micro- and nano- structures on the curved substrate. This project will provide a new approach for solving fogging phenomenon occurring on the curved surfaces of marine optical glass, and it also has potential application prospect at the antifogging field of telescopes, thermal infrared imagers, theodolites, optical wave gauges, monitors and so on.

由于海洋环境极其潮湿且气候复杂多变，结雾现象常常会发生在海洋光学仪器中的光学玻璃表面，这将直接导致海洋光学仪器对目标的观测失败。尽管人们采取了许多防雾措施，但海洋光学玻璃表面尤其是曲面玻璃的防雾问题至今仍未得到有效解决。本项目针对海洋光学玻璃曲面上的结雾现象，拟采用在其上构建仿生超疏水防雾表面的办法来解决这一问题。首先，建立曲面基底上仿生超疏水结构的物理模型，运用Cassie理论分析其润湿性能并阐明防雾机理；其次，利用光刻技术、软光刻技术和新型溶胶凝胶材料在曲面玻璃上构建出仿生超疏水防雾表面；最后，通过调整仿生结构的几何参数，实现曲面玻璃基底的有效防雾。软光刻技术和新型溶胶凝胶材料的联合使用，有望解决目前微纳结构难以在曲面基底上制备和传递的技术难题。本项目将为解决海洋光学玻璃曲面的结雾问题提供一种新途径，在望远镜、红外热像仪、经纬仪、光学测波仪、和监控探头等的防雾方面均有着潜在的应用前景。

本项目采用软光刻技术和新型溶胶凝胶材料相结合的方法实现了曲面玻璃上仿生结构的构建，并通过调整仿生结构的几何参数，研究了多种仿生结构的性质。我们在眼镜片曲面基底上构筑的仿生复眼阵列结构，其接触角高达120°，具备了一定的防雾效果。与此同时，我们成功地解决了目前微纳结构难以在曲面基底上制备和传递的技术难题。本项目为解决海洋光学玻璃表面的结雾问题提供了一种新途径，并且在眼镜片、照相机、望远镜、监控探头和汽车挡风玻璃等的防雾方面也有着潜在的应用前景。