海洋船舶表面超疏水性与其防生物吸附行为研究

Developing high efficiency, practical and environment friendly technologies by using anti-biosorption coatings on maring ship surface have significant economic benefits and environmental effects. This project proposes a superhydrophobic coating by incorporating ZnO particles into fluorinated acrylate polymer matrix with low surface energy to overcome the harmful effect of the tranditional anti-biosorption coatings (e.g. organotins, Cu2O and synthestic pesticides) on marine environment. The low surface contact area with water and low adhesion with marine organism of the superhydrophobic surface, combined with the anti-bacteia function of ZnO particals might reduce or even eliminate the adsorption of marine organism on the coating surfaces.The influences of the kinds of polymer monomers and their concentrations, the concentration of the micron and nano sized ZnO particles and their surface conditions on the adhesion between the substrate and the coating, the microstructures on the coating surface and the surface superhydrophobicity will be investigated. Furthermore, the composition of the films and their superhydrophobicity (characterized by contact angles, sliding angles, roughness and microstructures) on the anti-biosorption properties (characterized by static adhesion rate, dynamic desorption rate, the species and distributions of the adhesion organisms) under seawater conditions will also be studied. Based on the above research results, we will attempt to establish the relationships between different superhydrophobic surfaces and their bioadsorption behaviors. This project may be expected to provide a scientific basis for developing a novel anti-bioadsorption material and technology.

开发高效实用、环境友好的海洋船舶防生物吸附涂层技术具有显著的经济效益和环境效益。为克服传统海洋防生物吸附涂层（如有机锡、氧化亚铜及合成杀虫剂等）对海洋环境造成的不良影响，本项目提出将低表面能含氟聚合物与具有抗菌功能的ZnO颗粒复合制备超疏水涂层，利用超疏水表面的极小水接触面积和低粘附力的特性并结合ZnO粒子的杀菌功能，达到充分减少甚至消除海洋生物在涂层表面的吸附。研究成膜聚合物单体的组成与含量、微纳米ZnO的含量与表面处理情况等参量对涂层与基底之间粘附力、涂层表面微观形貌和表面超疏水性能的影响规律；研究在海水条件下成膜聚合物的组成、超疏水表面性质（用接触角、滚动角、粗糙度、微观粗糙结构等参数表征）对海洋生物吸附性能（静态附着率、动态脱附率、附着生物种类与分布）的影响规律，在此基础上建立不同超疏水表面与生物吸附行为之间的内在联系。为开发新型的海洋船舶防生物吸附材料和技术提供科学依据。

开发新一代高效实用、环境友好的海洋船舶超疏水涂层防生物吸附技术对国民经济和国防安全非常重要。目前，国内外对超疏水表面海洋生物吸附方式及其规律的研究较少，特别是发挥微纳米ZnO的抗菌性能与超疏水表面低粘附性的协同作用来提高防海洋生物吸附性能研究少见报道。本项目制备了ZnO/RTV复合超疏水涂层；通过喷涂方法制备了纳米ZnO/环氧树脂超疏水涂层；制备了纳米ZnO/丙烯酸酯超疏水涂层；利用锌水热反应方法制备了氧化锌超疏水表面。研究了不同共聚物组成（聚合物种类、微纳米ZnO含量和粒径、偶联剂种类和用量等）对涂层表面微观形貌和表面超疏水性能的影响规律；研究了在海水条件下超疏水表面组分、性质（用接触角、滚动角、粗糙度、微观粗糙结构等参数表征）对生物吸附性能的影响规律，在此基础上揭示了不同超疏水表面与海洋生物吸附行为之间的内在联系。依据研究结果，撰写了7篇学术论文发表在国内外学术刊物上（另有2篇正在投稿或修改中），并申请了7项国家发明专利。指导毕业了4名硕士研究生，另有1名硕士研究生在读。