基于仓面时空状态演化的高拱坝施工效率与安全虚拟分析模型研究

Safety risk and efficiency loss usually occur during arch dams construction process because of difficulties in equipment allocation through narrow working space. Previewing spatial and temporal situation of entity activities during the process of scheme implement on concreting surface, to forecast safety risk and efficiency loss by spatial and temporal conflicts is a valuable research , which will support scheme validating and optimizing with essential data..In this research, basic constructing events( e.g. concrete pouring) of high arch dams are regarded as key points, basic constructing procedure is regarded as a main path and pouring activities(e.g. dumping, placing, etc.) are regarded as basic elements. The three layers spaces namely physical space, safety space and efficiency space are defined for entities in the system; conflicting bubbles with multiple layers produced by entity mutual moving are interpreted by three potential consequences: 1: physical pumping 2: safety risk on spatial and temporal situation conflicting and 3: efficiency loss. This system reveals spatial and temporal situation transition law about entities on concreting surface. Based on previous engineering experiences, knowledge of experts, and phychological expectations of resident engineers, a para consistent self-adaptive mechanism based model is built to simulate the behaviors of resident engineers of resolving spatial and temporal conflicts. Based on the theory of Virtual Prototype Based Construction(VPBC), the model of spatial-temporal situation transition on concreting surface and a self adaptive adjusting engine are embedded to the dam construction chain following the path of concrete block ordering and dam body growing process, which is helpful to get the macroscopic results for efficiency and safety evaluation in the construction process of high arch dams and to provide a vivid virtual constructing process for engineers simultaneously.

高拱坝施工作业面狭窄，机械布置困难，易导致施工安全风险或效率损失。如何在施工前预演方案实施过程中仓面实体的活动时空状态，预测时空冲突引起的安全风险和效率损失，为方案检测和优选提供信息支持，是值得研究的问题。.本项目拟以高拱坝施工中的基本事件（如浇筑）为着眼点，以仓面施工工艺流程为主线，以浇筑活动（如卸料、平仓等）为基本单元，通过定义系统实体的物理、安全和效率三层空间，对多个实体运动产生的分层空间冲突泡从物理碰撞、时空冲突安全风险和效率损失三方面进行解译，揭示仓面实体的时空状态演化机理；基于工程经验、专家知识及现场管理人员的心理预期建立基于次协调的时空冲突自适应调整机制，模拟管理人员的调度；同时基于虚拟施工的理念，以坝块跳仓和坝体生长顺序为路线，将仓面时空演化模型和自适应调整模型嵌入全坝施工过程链，从宏观层面获得高拱坝施工全过程的效率与安全分析结果，并为工程技术人员实时展示虚拟浇筑情景过程。

高拱坝施工作业面狭窄，机械布置困难，易导致施工安全风险或效率损失。如何在施工前预演方案实施过程中仓面实体的活动时空状态，预测时空冲突引起的安全风险和效率损失，为方案检测和优选提供信息支持，是值得研究的问题。本项目首先分析了高拱坝施工系统中施工对象与施工资源的特点，研究面向施工过程的实体类及属性建立了主要实体和仓内结构物及其附属空间模型。模拟了塔机吊运混凝土入仓过程，运用包围盒相交测试原理开展了时空冲突检测，建立冲突泡量化评价体系对吊运冲突进行分析与评价。分析了缆机吊运混凝土时吊罐入仓过程，基于缆机制动及其后效应建立了吊罐安全运行间距分析模型，并开发了吊罐安全空间实时计算分析模块，实现了吊罐运行时安全空间的实时计算与图形显示。融合施工机械实际轨迹与虚拟施工场景来展现浇筑过程，运用冲突泡的时空状态演化描述吊罐入仓与仓面实体间冲突的时空变化过程，揭示了冲突泡的时空形态与仓面时空冲突安全风险之间的量化关系。基于安全风险量化指标构建了不同指标下的施工安全风险云图以反映各风险指标在浇筑仓内的分布。建立了以缆机为调整主体的时空冲突个性化调整机制，并设计了一种新型吊罐主动调整装置和方法以实现吊罐快速稳定对位。分析缆机双仓联合浇筑条件与冲突，建立以缆机安全运行为基本决策单元的高拱坝缆机联合浇筑模拟优化模型，实现了缆机入仓调度方案的优选。最后，集成上述模块构建了高拱坝浇筑仓施工虚拟分析模型，并结合溪洛渡、白鹤滩等工程展开了应用研究。研究结果表明本项目成果能为高拱坝浇筑仓施工方案比选提供指导，以减少施工效率损失和降低安全风险。