新型共价键连接超强石墨烯多孔材料的构筑及物性研究

High performance ultra-light cellular materials have become a hot field of international research, but the fabrication of cellular materials with ultra-light, high-strength, high elasticity, high specific surface area and high electrical conductivity remains a great challenge. Applicant newly discovers “quasi-diamond structure” tetrahedrally connected tubular graphene, which provides a new structure design concept to address the conflicting constraints between high specific surface area and high electrical conductivity and ultrahigh mechanical property of three-dimensional (3D) graphene cellular materials. The project intends to construct specific porous material templates with hierarchical micro-meso-macro pores, and design and prepare "quasi-crystal structure" 3D graphene cellular materials with more coordinated strong bond connection by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Specific research contents are as follows: (1) Designing and preparing nanostructure substrate with computer simulation of material mechanics; (2) Exploring the fundamental scientific problem about the growth mechanism of CVD graphene, and controllably growing 3D graphene cellular materials with high purity sp2 carbon; (3) Controlling multi-level microstructure of nanoporous 3D graphene, and studying the relationships of microstructure and electrical, mechanical properties of 3D graphene; (4) Using the doping and high temperature treatment to control structural defects, and preparing ultra-light, ultra-strong 3D graphene cellular materials. Quite conceivably, our research will caused widespread concern in the field of lightweight cellular materials.

高性能超轻多孔材料已成为国际研究的热点领域，但超轻化、高强度、高弹性、高比表面积和高导电等特性集于一身极具挑战。申请人最新发现“类金刚石结构”四配位共价键连接的石墨烯管，为解决三维石墨烯中的高比表面积、高导电率以及超高力学性能之间相互制约的矛盾提供一种结构设计新理念。本项目拟构造特定分级孔道结构的多孔材料模板，利用化学气相沉积（CVD）制备技术，设计构建“类晶体结构”多配位强健连接的三维石墨烯多孔材料。具体研究内容如下：（1）通过材料力学计算模拟，设计制备多级孔道的纳米结构衬底；（2）探讨CVD石墨烯生长机理方面的基本科学问题，可控生长高度碳sp2杂化的三维石墨烯；（3）调控含纳米微孔的三维石墨烯多级微结构，研究三维石墨烯微结构与电学、力学性能的构效关系；（4）利用元素掺杂、高温处理调控石墨烯结构缺陷，制备超轻、超强的三维石墨烯多孔材料。本项目的实施，力争在超轻多孔材料领域引起广泛关注。

高性能超轻多孔材料已成为国际研究的热点领域，但超轻化、高强度、高弹性、高比表面积和高导电等特性集于一身极具挑战。申请人最新发现“类金刚石结构”四配位共价键连接的石墨烯管，为解决三维石墨烯中的高比表面积、高导电率以及超高力学性能之间相互制约的矛盾提供一种结构设计新理念。本项目发展出在多孔衬底的制备方法，构造特定分级孔道结构的多孔材料模板，利用化学气相沉积、电弧等制备技术，构筑了至少7种具有微孔-介孔-大孔的分级结构的三维石墨烯材料，包括石墨烯单晶膜、三维石墨烯管材料、超轻超弹的三维石墨烯、有序大孔石墨烯、及其高导电氮掺杂多级孔碳材料等材料；探讨了石墨烯生长的热力学与动力学过程，揭示出了石墨烯的生长机理。开发出高温石墨化、铝还原、元素掺杂等多种方法，实现三维多孔石墨烯的结构调控，探索并优化了三维多孔石墨烯的比表面积、力学强度、弹性、导电性，建立结构模型，实现了三维多孔石墨烯微结构与电学和力学性能之间的关联性质。拓展探索了三维多孔石墨烯在储能领域中的应用，并取得良好的应用效果。