发电行业初始碳排放权分配及二级市场交易优化模型研究

In order to decrease carbon dioxide emissions, some developed countries and regions have implemented the corresponding emissions reduction mechanisms，the most important one is carbon emissions permit trading. The initial distribution of carbon emissions permits in the primary market, and the carbon emissions permit trading of market parties in the secondary market have become the important and difficult points in the study of carbon emissions permit trading at home and abroad. As the main force of carbon emissions reduction, power generation industry has a significant emissions reduction space, therefore, this project takes power generation industry for example, the initial distribution of carbon emissions permits in the primary market is studied, and the initial distribution principle of carbon emissions permits based on power generation performance is proposed. A reasonable distribution principle will improve the resource allocation efficiency of secondary market. Based on this, further research is done about the carbon emissions permit trading of the secondary market. Then, the optimization model of carbon emissions permit trading between coal-fired power generation enterprises, the optimization model of carbon emissions permit trading between different types of power generation enterprise, and the optimization model of carbon emissions permit trading between power generation enterprise and power customer are built. The purpose of carbon emissions permit trading optimization model in the secondary market is to prompt the marginal cost of power generation enterprises to be the same. Thus, the total carbon emissions cost of power generation industry is reduced.

为减少二氧化碳排放，一些发达国家和地区已经制定了相应的碳减排机制，其中最主要的就是实施碳排放权交易。国内外关于碳排放权交易研究的重点和难点是一级市场中的初始碳排放权分配和二级市场中的市场主体间的碳排放权交易。发电行业作为碳减排的主力军具备显著的减排空间，为此，本项目以发电行业为例，研究了一级市场中的初始碳排放权分配问题，提出了基于机组发电绩效的初始碳排放权分配原则，合理的初始碳排放权分配原则将提高二级市场的资源配置效率。在此基础上，进一步研究了碳排放权交易二级市场，分别构建了燃煤发电企业间的碳排放权交易优化模型、不同类型发电企业间的碳排放权交易优化模型、发电企业与电力用户间的碳排放权交易优化模型，以期通过二级市场的碳排放权交易优化模型来促使不同发电企业的边际成本趋向一致，从而降低发电行业的整体碳减排成本。

为减少二氧化碳排放，一些发达国家和地区已经制定了相应的碳减排机制，其中最主要的就是实施碳排放权交易。国内外关于碳排放权交易研究的重点和难点是一级市场中的初始碳排放权分配和二级市场中的市场主体间的碳排放权交易。发电行业作为碳减排的主力军具备显著的减排空间，为此，本项目以发电行业为例，研究了一级市场中的初始碳排放权分配问题，提出了基于机组发电绩效的初始碳排放权分配原则，合理的初始碳排放权分配原则将提高二级市场的资源配置效率。在此基础上，进一步研究了碳排放权交易二级市场，分别构建了燃煤发电企业间的碳排放权交易优化模型、不同类型发电企业间的碳排放权交易优化模型、发电企业与电力用户间的碳排放权交易优化模型。通过实际算例分析得出，基于发电权交易的碳排放权交易可以同时实现发电厂商利润的增长以及更多的碳减排，说明此种碳排放权交易方式可以提高厂商进行发电权交易积极性，从而降低发电行业的整体碳减排成本。