本质阻燃苎麻纤维/生物基不饱和聚脂复合材料的结构调控、性能及机理研究

With the problem of environmental protection and petroleum-based resources exhaustion have been paid increasing attention, the study on preparation functional biopolymer derived from renewable resources has become the focus of attention. Aiming to overcome the disadvantages of brittleness, low strength and inflammability of the unsaturated polyester resin, it is essential to prepare the flame retardant bio-based unsaturated polyester resin with the excellent mechanical properties by design different molecule structure. Based on the aliphatic and aromatic bio-based raw materials and compounds containing different oxidation states of phosphorus, bio-based dicarboxylic acid monomer, bio-based diol monomer with reinforced and flame retardant groups, cross-linking monomers with different flame retardant elements will be designed. The synthesis process will be optimized. Subsequently the ramie fibers modified by microwave method will be introduced into the flame retardant bio-based unsaturated polyester resin and the curing process, mechanical properties, flammability and aging of ramie fiber/ flame retardant bio-based unsaturated polyester composites will be investigated. Furthermore, the effect of main and side chains’ structure of flame retardant monomer, the synergistic effect of different flame retardant elements on cross-linking monomers and the physical and chemical interface properties of flame retardant ramie fibers on curing process and performance of unsaturated polyester composites will also be studied. According to the preparation and investigation of flame retardant bio-based unsaturated polyester composites, it is meaningful to propose experimental and theoretical basis to develop the high performance natural fiber enhanced bio-based unsaturated composites.

随着石油资源的枯竭以及生态环境的严重恶化，功能性生物基高分子材料的研究越来越受到广泛关注。本项目针对不饱和聚酯脆性大、强度低、阻燃性能差等问题，设计制备综合性能优异的阻燃生物基不饱和聚酯复合材料。基于脂肪族和芳香族生物基原料和不同氧化态磷化合物，设计阻燃增强的生物基二元酸单体、阻燃增韧的生物基二元醇单体、含多种阻燃元素的交联单体，优化单体的合成工艺；设计合成阻燃表面改性剂，并结合微波法对苎麻纤维进行表面修饰；其次制备苎麻纤维/阻燃生物基不饱和聚酯，研究复合材料的固化工艺和机械、燃烧和耐老化等性能；研究阻燃单体中不同磷氧化态的主/侧链结构特征、交联剂中不同阻燃元素间的协同效应、阻燃修饰的苎麻纤维的物理与化学界面特性，探讨其对不饱和聚酯复合材料固化行为和性能的影响；揭示复合材料的固化、增强和阻燃机理。该研究为高性能天然纤维增强的生物基不饱和聚酯复合材料的开发和应用奠定了理论依据和实验基础。

本项目针对不饱和聚酯脆性大、强度低、阻燃性能差等问题，设计制备综合性能优异的阻燃生物基不饱和聚酯复合材料。基于低维片层材料，对其表面进行修饰以提升与不饱和聚酯基体间的界面相容性；基于脂肪族和芳香族生物基原料以及不同氧化态磷化合物，设计增强增韧的生物基阻燃单元、含多种阻燃元素的交联单体，优化单体的合成工艺；设计合成阻燃表面改性剂，并对苎麻纤维进行表面修饰；制备苎麻纤维/阻燃生物基不饱和聚酯，研究复合材料的固化工艺、机械和燃烧等性能；研究阻燃单体中不同的结构特征、交联剂中不同阻燃元素间的协同效应、阻燃修饰的苎麻纤维的物理与化学界面特性，探讨其对不饱和聚酯复合材料固化行为和综合性能的影响；揭示复合材料的固化、增强和阻燃机理。该研究为高性能天然纤维增强的生物基不饱和聚酯复合材料的开发和应用奠定了理论依据和实验基础。