Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cell biological program that plays essential roles in development and diseases. During embryogenesis, EMT is required for proper differentiation of distinct germ layers. In cancer, EMT is associated with invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. By conducting a large scale chemical-genetic screen, we previously identified cancer cells that have undergone an EMT constitutively activate the PERK branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, the master regulator of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Much different from its canonical role in protein folding, we discovered that the PERK kinase facilitates EMT’s function via two downstream pathways: it promotes EMT-driven metastasis by ATF4-CREB3L1, and is required for EMT-associated multi-drug resistance through Nrf2-HMOX1. However, it is completely unknown if the PERK pathway modulates the dynamics of an EMT, thus affecting self-renewal and differentiation of tumor stem cells in vivo. Here in this project, we aim to interrogate the role and the underlying mechanism of the PERK pathway in regulating the progression of an EMT. Our work will broaden our understanding on the biology of EMT, and establish an emerging role of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in cell fate determination.
“上皮-间质”转化(EMT)是一个在机体发育和肿瘤发展中都扮演着重要角色的细胞分化调控程序。通过前期的工作,我们发现伴随着EMT的发生,对内质网稳态调控至关重要的未折叠蛋白响应通路PERK通路发生了持续的激活。我们还发现,PERK激酶协助EMT程序发挥了后者在肿瘤进展中的功能:通过激活ATF4-CREB3L1,PERK参与了EMT对肿瘤细胞转移的促进作用;通过激活Nrf2-HMOX1,PERK促进了EMT带来的肿瘤细胞抗药性的提高。然而,一个更深层的问题—PERK通路的激活是否对EMT程序本身也起到调控作用,则仍不清楚。在本项目中,我们将利用多种细胞EMT模型,研究PERK通路对EMT动态进展以及肿瘤干细胞自我更新/分化的影响和作用,并深入剖析其中的分子机制。本项目将大大拓宽我们对EMT程序自身调控机制的认识,并从内质网稳态调节这个角度诠释细胞命运决定的新机制。
申请人过去的研究工作首次阐释了内质网稳态调控、UPR(Unfolded Protein Response)通路和EMT(Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition)程序之间的内在联系:为了应对细胞外基质蛋白(extracellular matrix protein, ECM protein)合成和分泌的剧烈增加,上皮细胞在发生EMT的过程中会激活对于内质网稳态调控至关重要的PERK信号通路,并且PERK的激酶活性对于EMT程序所带来的功能是必不可少的。然而,对于EMT过程的动态调控以及EMT动态变化所带来的肿瘤干细胞的自我更新和分化,PERK通路所扮演的角色和可能的作用机制则不完全清楚。.本项目通过执行原定研究计划发现①PERK通路能够正向调控EMT进程;②PERK通路下游的ATF4转录因子能够帮助维持肿瘤干细胞的干性;③PERK通路调控EMT的机制是通过其下游的ATF4转录因子调控多个EMT基因的转录实现;④ATF4在不同刺激条件下调控的转录组具有明显差异,与刺激条件具有一致性;.⑤在ER Stress诱导条件下,ATF4主要通过普通增强子调控UPR信号通路,而在EMT诱导条件下,ATF4既通过普通增强子也通过超级增强子调控EMT信号通路,并更倾向于通过超级增强子。此外,申请人及团队还发现PERK通路下游的eIF2α-ATF4能够通过促进EMT发生而促进肝星状细胞(Hepatic Stellate Cell,HSC)激活,从而促进肝纤维化,并且在小鼠体内通过药物或者基因干预eIF2α-ATF4通路能够明显阻断肝纤维化的进展。.以上研究内容揭示PERK通路对EMT动态进程的调控作用以及具体的调控机制,同时揭示了其下游转录因子ATF4的非经典功能—通过调控多个EMT相关基因的转录而促进EMT的发生。此外,申请人还发现PERK-eIF2α-ATF4通路对肝脏纤维化具有明显调控作用,而干预该信号通路具有重要的潜在临床价值。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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