甘肃特有少数民族儿童口腔微生物群体感应与龋病的相互关系研究

Dental caries severely compromised the children’s oral health. Childhood marks a period of significant caries activity. A national strategy for oral health development in the long-term perspective is highly determined by children’s oral health. Caries development was resulted from the disrupted dynamic equilibrium in microbial community in dental biofilm and unusual exchange in substance and information among bacteria. This study aims to (i) investigate the microbial community structure in the oral cavity which lead to dental caries by using metagenomic sequencing method and RT-qPCR detection technology. (ii) find out quorum sensing related functional genes in microbial community of dental plaque from children with dental caries. (iii) study on the mechanism in the causation of dental caries mediated by quorum sensing signal molecule (AI-2), through combing animal experiments. The pre-school children will be recruited in Zhang Ye. They are from the ethnic minority, namely Yugu, which is a peculiar nationality to Gansu province. This study will reveal the relationship between quorum sensing induced by microbial community in the oral cavity and children’s dental caries, which may help to diagnose caries from the micro-ecology perspective and provide a theoretical basis for caries prevention policy.

龋病严重危害口腔健康，儿童处于龋病的最好发阶段，其口腔健康决定着一个国家长期的口腔健康发展战略。龋病的发生取决于口腔牙菌斑生物膜内微生物群落多种群的动态平衡和细菌间的物质与信息交流。本项目拟利用微生物群落结构宏基因组测序、RT-qPCR检测对甘肃省特有少数民族（裕固族）张掖市肃南裕固族自治县学龄前儿童，进行龋病口腔微生物群落结构研究，寻找并发现儿童龋病牙菌斑微生物中的群体感应功能基因，并结合动物实验探明群体感应信号分子AI-2介导的群体感应引起龋病的机制，从而揭示口腔微生物群落群体感应与儿童龋病的关系，以期为龋病的微生态诊断标准以及制定我国长期的儿童龋病预防政策提供理论依据。

龋病严重危害口腔健康，儿童处于龋病的最好发阶段，其口腔健康决定着一个国家长期的口腔健康发展战略。龋病的发生取决于口腔牙菌斑生物膜内微生物群落多种群的动态平衡和细菌间的物质与信息交流。本项目利用微生物群落结构宏基因组测序、RT-qPCR检测对甘肃省特有少数民族（裕固族）张掖市肃南裕固族自治县学龄前儿童，进行龋病口腔微生物群落结构研究，寻找并发现儿童龋病牙菌斑微生物中的群体感应功能基因，并结合动物实验探明群体感应信号分子AI-2介导的群体感应引起龋病的机制。本项目首先通过前期的流行病学调查，发现 6-7岁学龄儿童第一磨牙采用局部涂氟联合口腔宣教的防龋方法，可以降低其发病率，可以有效的防龋。氟化物及时间是通过改变口腔微生物群落结构的均一度、丰富度，微生物组成及菌群相互作用状态，从而达到预防龋病发生发展的目的。血链球菌是研究氟影响致龋菌群相互作用及氟增益研究的重要突破口。口腔或龈下微生物中还存在着一些传统牙周炎致病菌以外的一些可疑致病菌。这些致病菌或条件致病菌通过微生物群落结构的改变在牙周炎发病中发挥着一定的作用，例如Parvimonas mica、Prevotella dentalis 及 Veillonellaceae等。无论是在龋病，还是在牙周炎中，健康状态下微生物群落结构的Schoener’s指数要小于其在疾病状态下。进一步通过检测唾液中常见的20种炎性细胞因子，揭示了口腔微生物群落结构与炎性细胞因子的相互影响关系，并阐述其对口腔常见疾病可能的致病机理。本项目的实施，为龋病的早期防治及病因学研究提供新的方法，同时为相关疾病的病因学研究及防治奠定了基础，也为后续的产学研形式展开奠定了理论基础。