交通限行条件下基于车辆协作与换乘联运的城市配送问题研究

In order to deal with traffic restrictions policies for different vehicle types in different route section and different time section, characteristics of route, vehicles, demand are analyzed in depth and then urban distribution under such traffic restrictions is studied from the perspective of optimal Route-Time-Vehicle-Demand matching. In the first, the incoherence in distribution caused by traffic restriction is about to be solved by studying partitioning distribution, matching method between vehicle types and traffic routes, interchange rules in multi-modal transportation. Corresponding collaborative strategies for vehicles and sequential interchanges strategies will be proposed. Secondly, the economic and flexibility of different vehicle types can be fully made use via introducing the freight route concept, also, the restricted traffic area and artery traffic network are connected by stripping and combining freight route, setting interchange point and coordinating the vehicles. Two-stage optimization model is built and according cloud quantum genetic algorithm is designed to provide quantitative studies for logistics distribution in this vehicle collaboration and integrated transportation problem. In addition, considering dynamics and dispersion of the demand in urban distribution, passenger traffic is applied to integrate spare transport capacity and urgent demand together, then logistics distribution model for transportation by passenger traffic is established under restriction policy and solution strategy is designed. At last, prototype system is developed for purpose of simulation analysis and applied research. Based on traffic restrictions in realistic context, modeling method and solving approach for urban distribution problem are studied in this project so as to improve the efficiency of urban distribution under traffic restrictions.

针对分时段、分路段、分车型的交通限行政策，深入分析道路、车辆、需求的属性特征，从道路-时间-车辆-需求优化匹配的视角研究交通限行条件下城市配送问题。首先，从车型与道路匹配及换乘联运规则研究入手，提出面向交通限行的车辆协作与序贯式换乘联运策略，解决因交通限行导致的配送不连贯问题。其次，为了充分发挥不同车型的经济性与灵活性，提出货物路径概念，通过货物路径的拆分与组合、换乘点设置及车辆协作建立城市交通限行区域与干线路网的联系，构建两阶段换乘联运模型并设计云量子遗传算法，定量研究基于车辆协作与联运的城市配送解决方案。考虑到城市配送中的动态分散需求，应用客运搭乘问题的研究方法，将闲余运力与亟待需求充分整合，建立交通限行条件下搭乘配送模型并设计求解策略。最后，开发仿真原型系统进行仿真分析与应用研究。本项目基于交通限行的现实背景，研究城市配送问题的建模方法与求解算法，以期提高交通限行条件下城市配送效率。

城市配送承担着城市与外界的交互功能，是城市经济运转与居民生活的重要保障。然而随着城市规模与汽车保有量的不断增加，城市道路交通环境日益严峻，为了缓解交通拥堵造成的不良影响，全国686个设市城市均出台关于货车限行的相关规定。为此，本项目立足于交通限行的实际背景，以现有交通条件下最大发挥道路与车辆效率为目标，对交通限行条件下城市配送机制设计、交通限行条件下基于车辆协作的两阶段换乘联运路径优化问题、交通限行条件下城市物流搭乘配送问题及应用研究四个方面展开系统研究。项目组经过三年的努力，收集并分析了重庆主城交通网络、限行区域、限行路段、限行时段及限行车辆等数据。主要研究成果有：（1）提出限行道路、配送车型、配送时间和配送需求在经济与效率上的匹配度矩阵，匹配度矩阵法可以为城市物流企业选择车型提供理论依据。（2）提出考虑路网结构、车型属性与配送需求的货物换乘联运规则，建立换乘联运中心选址模型，该选址模型可以为城市建设快速分拣中心提供理论支持。（3）针对外部进入城市的配送需求提出“绕城高速+城市干线”的两级换乘转运模式，并建立两级配送的数学模型，从大邻域自适应搜索算法、遗传算法、蚁群算法、仿真优化算法等多方面研究了启发式算法，为求解这一NP-hard问题进行了有益的探索。（4）针对城市配送需求的分散性提出基于货物搭乘配送的跨区域联合配送模式，建立面向交通限行的多阶段跨区域联合配送的数学模型，并考虑碳排放对车辆路径优化的影响，从配送距离、配送时间、配送成本、碳排放量等因素对模型的灵敏性进行分析。本项目成果成功申报了中国物流学会与采购联合会的2018年度课题奖，并获年度课题二等奖。本项目在深入分析交通限行约束与配送需求特征的基础上，建立交通限行条件下城市配送优化模型，提出货物换乘联运概念，从道路-时间-车辆-需求效率匹配的视角研究交通限行条件下城市配送问题，提高了城市物流配送能力与服务效率。